| 长期不同施肥方式对紫色土稻麦轮作麦季N2O排放的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王法,张旦麒,木志坚,倪九派,王强,石孝均,郭涛,张跃强,雷玉春.长期不同施肥方式对紫色土稻麦轮作麦季N2O排放的影响[J].西南农业大学学报,2017,39(5):22-30. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王法 张旦麒 木志坚 倪九派 王强 石孝均 郭涛 张跃强 雷玉春 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西南大学 资源环境学院，重庆 400716; 2. 教育部三峡库区生态环境重点实验室/重庆市三峡库区农业面源污染控制工程技术研究中心，重庆 400716; 3. 重庆市自来水有限公司职工学校，重庆 400013 |
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| 摘 要： | 依据位于重庆北碚始于1991年的国家紫色土肥力与肥效监测基地上长期不同施肥定位试验,选取其中不施肥+秸秆不还田、不施肥+秸秆还田、施PK肥+秸秆不还田、施N肥+秸秆不还田、NPK正常施肥量+秸秆不还田、NPK正常施肥量+秸秆还田和1.5倍NPK施肥量+秸秆还田等7个处理,采用静态箱法对土壤N_2O排放开展了连续2a小麦生长期的田间原位观测.结果表明:两麦季4个施氮处理N_2O排放波动幅度均较大,且基肥和追肥后出现较强排放,3个未施氮处理N_2O排放波动较平缓,并均明显低于施氮处理.N_2O排放第二季较第一季要弱,年际差异较大,其原因主要是土壤WFPS第二季要明显低于第一季,而同一麦季不同处理下N_2O排放差异主要是由土壤NO_3~--N质量分数不同造成的.秸秆还田增加了N_2O排放,单施氮肥对N_2O增排效果相比之下则更明显,而秸秆还田与化学氮肥协同作用同样促进了N_2O生成与排放.平衡施肥较偏施氮肥N_2O排放量低,实际生产中考虑N_2O减排应尽量选择平衡施肥.两麦季化肥或秸秆N来源下农田N_2O排放系数均值分别为0.85%,0.61%,综合考虑外源输入N时均值为0.69%,均低于IPCC推荐值(1%),可见估算N_2O排放量时针对不同N素源农田应选用相对应N素N_2O排放系数.
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| 关 键 词： | 紫色土 麦季 N2O 长期施肥 秸秆还田 排放系数 |
Effect of Long-Term Differentiated Fertilization on N2O Emission from a Rice-Wheat Rotated Purple Soil During Wheat Growing Seasons |
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| WANG F,ZHANG Dan-qi,MU Zhi-jian,NI Jiu-pai,WANG Qiang,SHI Xiao-jun,GUO Tao,ZHANG Yao-qiang,LEI Yu-chun.Effect of Long-Term Differentiated Fertilization on N2O Emission from a Rice-Wheat Rotated Purple Soil During Wheat Growing Seasons[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2017,39(5):22-30. |
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| Authors: | WANG F ZHANG Dan-qi MU Zhi-jian NI Jiu-pai WANG Qiang SHI Xiao-jun GUO Tao ZHANG Yao-qiang LEI Yu-chun |
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| Abstract: | The changes of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions of different fertilization level treatments from the National Purple Soil Fertility Monitored Base (Beibei, Chongqing, China) were investigated in situ, using the static chamber-based method during two wheat growing seasons from 2008 to 2010. Seven treatments were made as follows: no fertilization + no crop residue (no straw incorporation into the field), no fertilization + crop residue, PK fertilization + no crop residue, N fertilization + no crop residue, NPK normal fertilization + no crop residue, NPK normal fertilization + crop residue and NPK high fertilization + crop residue. The N2O transient emission fluxes of nitrogen treatments showed a large fluctuations during the first half of the growing season, and strong emissions following basal fertilization and topdressing were also observed, while the N2O transient emission fluxes of no nitrogen treatments basically remained the same during the two wheat seasons, and were significantly lower than those of the nitrogen treatments. The N2O emission fluxes and the annual variable rules of soil moisture (water filled pore space, WFPS) in the second wheat season were lower in general than those in the first wheat season, which were responsible for the suppression of N2O emission. Moreover, N2O emission differences among different treatments during the same wheat growing season were mainly caused by the difference in NO3--N content in the soil. Straw returning was in favor of N2O emission, and the promoting effects of chemical nitrogen fertilizer on soil N2O emission was more obvious than straw. In contrast, the combined application of chemical N fertilizer and straw had a synergistic interaction on N2O emission. Treatments of chemical fertilizer and straw tended to have a lower N2O emission than the partial nitrogen treatment. Therefore, from the practical point of view of reducing N2O emission, we should try to use the balanced fertilization in agricultural production. The mean values of N2O emission factors of farmland under the chemical nitrogen fertilizer and straw in the two wheat seasons were 0.85% and 0.61%, respectively, while the mean value of emission factors of the exogenous input of N (including N fertilizer and straw) were 0.69%, both of which were lower than the recommended value of IPCC (1%). Accordingly, in the view of the N2O emission estimation of farmland under different sources of nitrogen, the corresponding N2O emission factor should be used. |
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