Vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamylcarboxylase in Atlantic salmon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo salar</Emphasis> L.) |
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| Authors: | Christel Krossøy Erik-Jan Lock Robin Ørnsrud |
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| Institution: | (1) National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway;(2) Department of Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; |
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| Abstract: | Due to problems with bone deformities in farmed Atlantic salmon, there is a growing interest in the possible involvement of
vitamin K in normal bone development, and sensitive biomarkers for evaluating vitamin K status are therefore needed. The vitamin
K-dependent (VKD) enzyme γ-glutamylcarboxylase (GGCX, EC 6.4.x.x) requires vitamin K as a cofactor for its post-translational
modification of glutamic acid (Glu) residues to γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues in VKD proteins, and is required for
their function in haemostasis and bone metabolism. The present study was designed to evaluate the enzyme assay for GGCX activity
in isolated liver microsomes and its distribution in the tissues of Atlantic salmon. The effect of KH2 and menadione on the GGCX activity in salmon liver was also compared. Results from the present study show a widespread tissue
distribution and expression of GGCX in Atlantic salmon. The GGCX activity and ggcx expression in all bony tissues examined imply the presence of vitamin K, and suggest the involvement of vitamin K in bone
metabolism of Atlantic salmon. We propose the GGCX assay as a sensitive marker for vitamin K status, and confirm that menadione
does not work as a cofactor for GGCX in Atlantic salmon liver. |
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