Comparison of respiratory function during TIVA (romifidine,ketamine, midazolam) and isoflurane anaesthesia in spontaneously breathing ponies Part I: blood gas analysis and cardiorespiratory variables |
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| Authors: | Barbara Steblaj Stijn Schauvliege Kiriaki Pavlidou Frank Gasthuys Ioannis Savvas Luc Duchateau Lidia Kowalczk Yves Moens |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, , Merelbeke, Belgium;2. Companion Animal Clinic, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, , Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Department of Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, , Merelbeke, Belgium;4. Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, University of Veterinary Medicine, , Vienna, Austria |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo compare pulmonary function and gas exchange in ponies during maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane or by a total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) technique.Study designExperimental, cross–over study.AnimalsSix healthy ponies weighing mean 286 (range 233–388) ± SD 61 kg, age 13 (9-16) ± 3 years.MethodsThe ponies were anaesthetized twice, a minimum of two weeks apart. Following sedation with romifidine 80 μg kg?1 intravenously (IV)], anaesthesia was induced IV with midazolam (0.06 mg kg?1) and ketamine (2.5 mg kg?1), then maintained either with inhaled isoflurane (Fe’Iso = 1.1 vol%) (T-ISO) or an IV infusion of romifidine (120 μg kg?1 hour?1), midazolam (0.09 mg kg?1 hour?1 IV) and ketamine (3.3 mg kg?1 hour?1) (T-TIVA). Ponies were placed in lateral recumbency. Breathing was spontaneous and Fi’O2 60%. After an instrumentation/stabilisation period of 30 minutes, arterial and mixed venous blood samples were taken simultaneously every 10 minutes for 60 minutes and analysed immediately. Oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) and venous admixture were calculated. Tidal volume (TV), minute volume (MV), respiratory rate (fR), packed cell volume (PCV), arterial blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were measured and recorded. Data were analysed with mixed model anova (a = 0.05). Treatments were compared overall and at two selected time points (T30 and T60) using Bonferroni correction.ResultsArterial and mixed venous partial pressures of O2 and CO2, and TV were significantly lower and MV and fR were higher in T-TIVA compared to T-ISO. Venous admixture did not differ between treatments. O2ER was significantly higher in T-TIVA. Mean arterial pressure was higher and HR was lower in T-TIVA compared to T-ISO.Conclusions and clinical relevanceWhilst arterial CO2 was within an acceptable range during both protocols, the impairment of oxygenation was more pronounced with the T-TIVA evidenced by lower arterial and venous oxygen partial pressures. |
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| Keywords: | blood gases isoflurane oxygen extraction ratio ponies pulmonary function
TIVA
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