| 氮素追施对玉米花后光合特性和子粒灌浆特征的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈浩源,张玉斌,朱建国,宋慧宁,张月明,夏可欣,王洪预,李昕光,李秋祝,崔金虎.氮素追施对玉米花后光合特性和子粒灌浆特征的影响[J].玉米科学,2024,32(2):135-143. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈浩源 张玉斌 朱建国 宋慧宁 张月明 夏可欣 王洪预 李昕光 李秋祝 崔金虎 |
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| 作者单位： | 吉林大学植物科学学院, 长春 130062;通榆县植保质检站, 吉林 通榆 137200 |
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| 基金项目： | 吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210202011NC，20210203153SF，20220508095RC和202203022003NC) |
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| 摘 要： | 为进一步挖掘东北黑土雨养农业区春玉米增产潜力,为合理施氮提供理论依据,以玉米品种富民985为试验材料进行田间试验。设置5种施氮方式,氮肥1次性施入(CK)、底肥40%+拔节期追施60%(T1)、底肥40%+拔节期追施20%+大喇叭口追施40%(T2)、底肥40%+拔节期追施15%+大喇叭口追施30%+灌浆期追施15%(T3)、底肥40%+拔节期追施10%+大喇叭口追施30%+灌浆期追施20%(T4),研究不同处理玉米花后穗位叶SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性(PEPc)及子粒容重和产量差异,利用Logistic方程拟合玉米灌浆过程。结果表明,T4处理子粒产量显著高于其他处理和对照。与氮肥1次性施入(CK)相比,T4处理玉米灌浆期穗位叶Pn和PEPc显著提高了42.8%和20.6%,玉米有效灌浆期延长13.7 d,到达最大灌浆速率时间延后2.4 d,子粒容重提高1.2%。在东北半湿润雨养农业区,按照底肥40%+拔节期追施10%+大喇叭口追施30%+灌浆期追施20%方式施用氮素(T4)可以获得更多光合产物,延长灌浆时间,增加子粒重量,提高玉米产量。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 氮素追施 光合特性 灌浆特性 |
Effects of Topdressing with Nitrogen on Photosynthesis and Grain-Filling Characteristics of Spring Maize after Anthesis |
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| CHEN Hao-yuan,ZHANG Yu-bin,ZHU Jian-guo,SONG Hui-ning,ZHANG Yue-ming,XIA Ke-xin,WANG Hong-yu,LI Xin-guang,LI Qiu-zhu,CUI Jin-hu.Effects of Topdressing with Nitrogen on Photosynthesis and Grain-Filling Characteristics of Spring Maize after Anthesis[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2024,32(2):135-143. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Hao-yuan ZHANG Yu-bin ZHU Jian-guo SONG Hui-ning ZHANG Yue-ming XIA Ke-xin WANG Hong-yu LI Xin-guang LI Qiu-zhu CUI Jin-hu |
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| Institution: | College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062;Plant Protection and Quality Inspection Station of Tongyu County, Tongyu 137200, China |
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| Abstract: | To further investigate yield potential and N utilization of maize in the rain-fed agricultural area of Northeast China, a field experiment was conducted using spring cultivar Fumin985 as the experimental material. Five nitrogen fertilization treatments were implemented using drip fertigation: N-fertilizer applied 100% at sowing(CK), 40% at sowing, and 60% at V6(T1), 40% at sowing, 20% at V6, and 40% at VT(T2), 40% at sowing, 15% at V6, 30% at VT, and 5% at R2(T3), 40% at sowing, 10% V6, 30% at VT, and 20% at R2(T4). And the SPAD value of ear leaf, net photosynthetic rate of ear leaf, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity of ear leaf, grain bulk density and yield were studied. The grain-filling processes of maize were analyzed by Logistic model to analyze the grouting parameters. The results indicated that grain yield(13 901 kg/ha) of T4 was significantly higher than that of the other treatments. Compared to CK, the net photosynthetic rate of ear leaf, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity of ear leaf, active grain-filling period, maximum filling rate time, and the grain bulk density of T4 increased by 42.8%, 20.6%, 13.7 d, 2.4 d, and 1.2%, respectively. Applying 40% of nitrogen fertilizer at sowing, 10% at V6, 30% at VT and 20% at R2(T4) can obtain more photosynthate, extend grain filling period, and increase 100-kernel weight of maize and grain yield in the rain-fed agricultural area of Northeast China. |
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| Keywords: | Maize Nitrogen topdressing Photosynthetic characteristic Grain-filling characteristic |
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