Immunopotentiation of a Developed Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis Vaccine by Thymulin and Zinc in Meat Chicken Breeders |
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| Authors: | Barbour EK Hamadeh SK Bejjani NE Faroon OM Eid A Sakr W Bouljihad M Spasojevic R Safieh-Garabedian B |
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| Institution: | (1) USA;(2) United States Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;(3) HAWARCO, Safra, Lebanon;(4) Department of Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA;(5) SPARBOE Companies, Litchfield, Minnesota, USA;(6) Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, New York, USA |
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| Abstract: | The humoral immunity, spleen and thymus weight indices, lymphocyte count in the thymus cortex, and granuloma diameter at vaccination sites were assessed in four differently immunopotentiated groups of meat chicken breeders. Breeders in the first two groups were given a killed Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) vaccine subcutaneously at 15 and 19 weeks of age. Breeders in the third and fourth groups were left unvaccinated. Breeders in the first group were further immunopotentiated with zinc and thymulin. Each bird in the first group was given the immunopotentiators intraperitoneally in a volume of 0.1 ml at intervals of 3 days for a period of 3 weeks, starting at 15 weeks of age. At each time, each bird in the first group received thymulin (10 ng) and ZnCl2 (1  mol/L), using a carboxymethyl cellulose carrier, totalling 90 ng thymulin and 9 mol of ZnCl2 per bird. Each bird in the first three groups was challenged orally with 6.7×106 cfu/ml of highly virulent SE organisms, at an age of 22 weeks. The first group, which had received zinc and thymulin, had the earliest and highest humoral immune response to SE (p<0.05). This was observed at 2 and 4 weeks after the first vaccination. In addition, the first group had the highest mean thymus weight index, and the highest mean lymphocyte count in the thymus cortex. No significant difference was observed between the first two vaccinated groups in the mean granuloma diameter developed at the two vaccination sites 48 h after administration of the vaccine (p>0.05). |
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| Keywords: | chicken humoral immunity Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis thymulin thymus vaccine zinc |
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