Variation for stomatal characteristics and water use efficiency among diploid,tetraploid and hexaploid Iranian wheat landraces |
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Authors: | Hamid Khazaei Philippe Monneveux Shao Hongbo Shahram Mohammady |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;(2) Generation Challenge Programme, C/O CIMMYT, A.P. 6-641, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico;(3) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, China;(4) Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research for Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 264003 Yantai, China;(5) Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao University of Science & Technology (QUST), 266042 Qingdao, China;(6) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahrekord, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran; |
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Abstract: | Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Its study has involved anatomy, ecology, physiology, molecular biology,
biotechnology, and cultivation. Knowledge of the relationship of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat with stomatal characteristics
and water-use efficiency is spare and is subject to argument. The present study was aimed to examine different characteristics
of stomata in 28 Iranian landraces belonging to the species Triticum monococcum (2n = 2x = 14), Triticum durum (2n = 4x = 28) and Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), respectively and investigated a possible relationship between these characteristics and water use efficiency by pot
cultivation experiments. The results revealed large variation among landraces as well as between the different species for
stomatal frequency and size. The diploid wheat species had the highest stomatal frequency and the lowest stomatal length and
width. The hexaploid species had a lower stomatal frequency than the tetraploid species. A highly significant relationship
was noted between the value of those traits on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf. The ratio of adaxial to abaxial
values appeared to be constant for a given species. Both stomatal frequency and size were associated with ploidy level, but
also with the nature of the constituting genomes of the species. A highly significant negative association was found among
accessions between stomatal frequency and size. As a consequence, the variation for stomatal area per unit leaf area was less
than for the other traits. Diploid and hexaploid wheat have significantly higher water use efficiency, compared to tetraploid
wheat. No clear association was found, however, between water use efficiency and stomatal characteristics. |
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