| 湖南省农作物化肥使用量零增长行动策略 |
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| 引用本文： | 黄铁平,吴远帆,何宝生,钟建中,李志明.湖南省农作物化肥使用量零增长行动策略[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(5):885-891. |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄铁平 吴远帆 何宝生 钟建中 李志明 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南省土壤肥料工作站,湖南省土壤肥料工作站,湖南省土壤肥料工作站,湖南省桃江县农业局,湖南省土壤肥料工作站 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央财政测土配方施肥补贴项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 立足湖南化肥施用现状，分析了湖南化肥减量增效面临的形势，提出了坚持矿质营养与有机营养并重实现湖南化肥减量增效的基本思路。目前，湖南省农作物生产过程中，存在有施肥观念陈旧，经济环保意识差；单位面积施肥量偏高，化肥利用率较低；施肥结构不合理，有机肥利用率低；土肥水资源不匹配，施肥方式落后等问题。由于过量施肥原因复杂，减肥增效势在必行。湖南通过10年测土配方施肥技术推广，目前已有52个县从2013年开始出现化肥施用总量零增长。大范围定点对比监测结果表明，种植绿肥、秸秆还田不仅可以改良耕作土壤，而且平均调减氮肥用量10%以上，增产4.24%-6.69%。因此，提出了精准施肥、调优结构、有机肥替代、地力提升、技术集成和示范带动实现湖南化肥减量增效的技术路径。结合湖南实际，具体体现为深入开展测土配方施肥、恢复绿肥种植、普及秸秆还田、推广水肥一体化、推进畜禽粪便资源化利用、推进高标准农田建设等6项关健技术措施，研究制定了到2020年湖南省农作物化肥使用量总体实现负增长的行动目标,其中湘江流域和洞庭湖区率先实现零增长，湘西地区缓增长，其它地区零增长。阐明了加强组织领导、强化科技支撑、增加经费投入、完善扶持政策等4个方面的保障措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 农作物 矿质营养 有机营养 化肥使用量 零增长 |
| 收稿时间： | 3/7/2016 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/3/25 0:00:00 |
The zero-growth action strategy for fertilizer applications in croplands in Hunan Province: A combined analysis of mineral nutrition and organic nutrition |
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| huangtieping,wuyuanfan,He bao sheng,zhong jian zhong and Li zhi meng.The zero-growth action strategy for fertilizer applications in croplands in Hunan Province: A combined analysis of mineral nutrition and organic nutrition[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2016,37(5):885-891. |
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| Authors: | huangtieping wuyuanfan He bao sheng zhong jian zhong and Li zhi meng |
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| Institution: | soil and fertilizer satation of huan province,Soil and fertilizer station of huan province,Soil and fertilizer station of huan province,Huan province tanjiang county agriculture bureau,Soil and fertilizer station of huan province |
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| Abstract: | Based on the current status and the reduction challenge of the chemical fertilizer applications in Hunan Province, we propose a general framework to balance the mineral nutrition and the organic nutrition to meet the demand of reducing the fertilizer applications and increasing the nutrient use efficiencies. There are a number of issues related to chemical fertilizer applications in crop production in Hunan Province, including the out-of-date concept of fertilization with less concerns of economy and environment, the high application rates of fertilizers with low fertilizer use efficiency, the unbalanced compositions of fertilization with low organic fertilizer applications, and the out-of-date fertilization methods with unmatched resource utilization of soil, water and fertilizer. It is imperative to reduce the application amounts of fertilizers because of the excessive application of chemical fertilizers in the current fertilization scheme. The new initiative of soil testing and formula fertilization has been implemented for 10 years so that the zero-growth of chemical fertilizer application is realized in 52 counties in Hunan Province in 2013. The results from large-scale comparisons at a number of monitoring sites showed that green manure and straw return can not only improve the soil quality but also decrease the chemical fertilizer utilization by 10% and furthermore increase crop yields by 4.24%-6.69%. Therefore, the technology integration and demonstration of precision agriculture, optimization of structure, organic fertilizer substitution and improvement of soil fertility are proposed to reduce chemical fertilizer applications and to increase fertilizer use efficiency in the Hunan Province. In Hunan Province, six key technologies and measures are proposed to achieve the goal of the overall negative-growth of fertilizer applications by 2020 (including the zero-growth in the Xiangjiang River and Dongting Lake region at the first stage, the slow-growth in the Xiangxi region and the zero-growth in other regions): soil testing and formula fertilization, green manure, straw return, and integration of water and fertilizers, and resource utilization of livestock feces. Accordingly, a number of supportive measures are proposed as well, such as the enhanced organization, the strengthened technology support, the increased funding invest and the improved policy engagement. |
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| Keywords: | crop mineral nutrition organic nutrition chemical fertilizer utilization zero-growth |
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