| 海洋捕捞误捕海龟问题及其管理研究 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 邵化斌,唐议.海洋捕捞误捕海龟问题及其管理研究[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(5):745-752. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 邵化斌 唐议 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学 海洋政策与法律研究所, 上海 201306,上海海洋大学 海洋政策与法律研究所, 上海 201306 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 农业部渔政管理专项（Q246） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 海龟是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,世界现存海龟仅有2科6属7种,且都处于濒危状态,国际上十分重视海龟保护工作。在海洋渔业捕捞活动中,经常误捕到海龟,捕虾拖网、刺网、延绳钓渔业对海龟资源的误捕和伤害性最大。目前,国际上已形成了以联合国粮农组织(FAO)为主导,各区域性渔业组织及捕鱼国政府部门为管理主体的法律政策框架,制定通过了一系列有关海龟养护、减少海龟误捕及伤害的决议性文件。主要的管理手段有:渔民培训、渔具渔法优化设计、信息收集与交流、港口检查措施、观察员制度、规范渔捞日志等。在技术措施方面,拖网捕捞中的"海龟逃生装置"、刺网捕捞中的"窄网"和提高拉杆长度、延绳钓渔业中采用的圆形钓钩和鲐鱼饵料,都产生了积极的效应。我国的渔业管理制度对减少渔业活动中的海龟误捕伤害涉及不多,研究很少,缺乏具体的法律法规来指导,亟需完善。建议:(1)普及基于生态系统的渔业管理方法和理念;(2)不断加强信息交流与合作;(3)制定可行的管理标准,并使用市场机制;(4)相应的控制手段要适当,并与其他措施相结合;(5)渔民培训与保育观念的宣传。我国已经开始重视发展可持续性渔业,为进一步规范海洋捕捞、减少对海龟等珍稀物种的伤害误捕提供了契机,如何与国际社会的管理"接轨",实现海洋生物多样性与渔民生计的"双赢",都是需要管理部门着重考虑的。
|
| 关 键 词： | 海龟 误捕 渔业管理 合作 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/5/18 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/3/20 0:00:00 |
Study on incidental catch of sea turtle in fishing activity and its management |
| |
| SHAO Huabin and TANG Yi.Study on incidental catch of sea turtle in fishing activity and its management[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(5):745-752. |
| |
| Authors: | SHAO Huabin and TANG Yi |
| |
| Institution: | Marine Policy and Law Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China and Marine Policy and Law Institute, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Sea turtles are important to the marine ecosystem. But there are only 7 species in 2 families and 6 genera that survived all over the world. And all of them are endangered now. The international community has attached great importance to the turtle conservation. The marine fishing activity often catches sea turtles accidentally. The shrimp trawl, gillnet and long-line fishery are the main power to by-catch. Nowadays, the international society has developed legal and policy frameworks that dominated by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the regional fishery organizations and each government for the main force of management. Some useful resolution documents have been passed to conserve the sea turtle and reduce their incidental catch or harm. The main control measures are: the training of fishermen, modifying the fishing methods and gears, information reporting, observer program, port state control, regulating fishing logs and the policy of marine protection area. The technical measures are: turtle excluder devices (TEDs) of trawl fishing, narrow nets or increasing tie-down length in gillnet fisheries, and the circle hooks or mackerel baits in long-line fisheries. All the measures have made a positive effect. But the fishery management or scientific research in China is not much involved in these problems, and the lack of specific laws or regulations in this area needs to be perfected urgently. The advices are: (1) Popularize the concept of ecosystem based fishery management (EBFM); (2)Strengthen the cooperation of information communication continually; (3)Formulate a feasible standard, and use the market mechanism; (4)Use the appropriate control measures, and combined with other measures; (5)Training fishermen and promoting the conservation concept. China has started to attach importance to the development of sustainable fisheries. So it provides an opportunity to regulate the ocean fishing activities and to reduce the incidental catch or harm of sea turtles. How to catch up with the international management system, and how to create a win-win situation between ocean biodiversity and the livelihood of fishermen, must be considered. |
| |
| Keywords: | sea turtle incidental catch fishery management cooperation |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《上海海洋大学学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《上海海洋大学学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
