| 4QM-4.0型麻类青饲料联合收获机割台结构设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘佳杰,马兰,向伟,颜波,文庆华,吕江南.4QM-4.0型麻类青饲料联合收获机割台结构设计与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2022,43(7):20. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘佳杰 马兰 向伟 颜波 文庆华 吕江南 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所，长沙市，410205 |
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| 基金项目： | 财政部和农业农村部：国家麻类产业技术体系资助（CARS—16—E21）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS—ASTIP—2017—IBFC06）；湖南省重点领域研发计划（2019NK2071）；湖南省自然科学基金面上项目（2019JJ40333) |
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| 摘 要： | 针对现有牧草收割机收割饲用苎麻作物时，割台输料不畅，搅龙易被麻类纤维缠绕的问题，设计一种专用收割机割台。该割台由往复式切割装置、拨禾轮、茎秆捡拾输送器及螺旋搅龙组成。根据饲用苎麻的田间生长特性及物料特点，开展收割机割台设计。通过理论计算与试验分析，确定割台各关键装置结构参数：拨禾轮的圆周半径为840 mm、切割器离拨禾轮轴高度为1 470 mm、拨禾轮转速27.9 r/min、升降行程为700 mm、往复式割刀曲柄转速为540 r/min、茎秆捡拾输送器拨齿轮滚筒半径为150 mm、转速为152.80 r/min，喂入搅龙直径为320 mm、转速为170 r/min。田间试验表明：该机收获损失率为3%，标准草长率为91%，作业小时生产率为0.25~0.35 hm2/h，割茬高度为150 mm。收割时，割台未出现堵料及纤维缠绕现象；收割后，苎麻割茬整齐，未发现作物茎秆基部存在明显撕裂现象。试验结果表明往复式切割器切割效果良好，整机工作性能稳定，该收割机割台能够满足对饲用苎麻作物的收割要求。
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| 关 键 词： | 饲用苎麻 麻类作物 青饲料 联合收获机 割台 |
Design and test of the header structure of 4QM-4.0 fiber corps green forage combine harvester |
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| Abstract: | When the existing forage harvester harvested forage ramie crops, the cutting head had problems that the conveying was not smooth, and the auger was easy to be entangled by the fiber. In order to solve the problems, a special harvester header was designed. The header consisted of a reciprocating cutting device, a reel, a stalk pick up conveyor, and a screw auger. According to the field growth characteristics and material characteristics of forage ramie, the design of the harvester header was carried out. Through theoretical calculation and experimental analysis, the structural parameters of each key device of the header were determined. The diameter of the reel was 840 mm, the distance between the cutter with the reel shaft was 1 470 mm, the speed of the reel was 27.9 r/min, the lifting stroke was 700 mm, the rotating speed of the cutter crank was 540 r/min, the radius of the pulley of the stalk pick up conveyor was 150 mm, the rotating speed was 152.80 r/min. The diameter of the feeding auger was 320 mm, and the rotating speed was 170 r/min. Field tests showed that the harvesting loss rate of this machine was 3%, the standard grass length rate was 91%, the working hour productivity was 0.25-0.35 hm2/h, and the cutting height was 150 mm. During harvesting, there was no material blocking and fiber entanglement in the header. After harvesting, the ramie stubble was neatly cut, and no obvious tearing at the base of the crop stalk was found. The test results showed that the cutting effect of the reciprocating cutter was good, and the working performance of the whole machine was stable. The harvester header can meet the harvesting requirements of forage ramie crops. |
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| Keywords: | feeding ramie bast fiber crops green fodder combine harvester header |
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