| 沼液中HCO3-对水稻生长的类CO2施肥效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 万华琴,辜旭,何红梅,汤逸帆,申建华,韩建刚,朱咏莉.沼液中HCO3-对水稻生长的类CO2施肥效应[J].中国农业科学,2022,55(22):4445-4457. |
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| 作者姓名： | 万华琴 辜旭 何红梅 汤逸帆 申建华 韩建刚 朱咏莉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1南京林业大学生物与环境学院，南京 2100372南京林业大学江苏省南方现代林业协同创新中心，南京 2100373东台市黄海原种场，江苏东台 2242004中粮家佳康（江苏）有限公司，江苏东台 224200 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505803);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 沼液富含氮素是其农田利用的基础，但不可忽视的是，沼液中还含有大量的HCO3-。探讨沼液还田过程中HCO3-的转化及其对水稻生长的影响，以期为沼液替代化肥，实施化肥减量及沼液资源化利用提供新的理论依据。【方法】 设置沼液原液（BS）、去除HCO3-的沼液（BS?B）、去离子水加HCO3-（W+B）和去离子水（W）4个处理，采用13C标记技术，通过水稻苗期盆栽试验，观测CO2释放特征，同步分析水稻光合作用速率、胞间CO2浓度、干鲜重、株高，以及上覆水和土壤pH、HCO3-、NH4+含量等的变化。【结果】 （1）BS处理下CO2释放速率为9.55—38.07 mg·kg-1·h-1，净累计释放量为4 654.06 mg·kg-1；BS?B处理下CO2释放速率为4.55—17.25 mg·kg-1·h-1，净累计释放量为780.68 mg·kg-1；W+B处理下CO2释放速率为3.93—26.33 mg·kg-1·h-1，净累计释放量为1 274.07 mg·kg-1；W处理下CO2释放速率为3.22—11.90 mg·kg-1·h-1，累计释放量为2 265.20 mg·kg-1。BS处理下CO2平均释放速率分别是BS?B和W+B的4.18倍和2.44倍，净累计释放量分别是BS?B和W+B的5.96倍和3.65倍，均显著高于BS?B和W+B处理。同时，BS处理下的CO2净累计释放量大于BS?B与W+B两个处理之和，因此HCO3-与沼液中其他组分在对CO2释放影响方面存在协同效应。（2）培养期内BS处理下13CO2的净累计释放量为32.87 mg·kg-1，占土壤-水稻系统CO2净累计释放量的0.71%；W+B处理下13CO2的净累计释放量为13.18 mg·kg-1。相比较而言，BS处理下的13CO2净累计释放量显著高于W+B（P<0.05），这表明沼液中的其他组分促进了HCO3-向CO2的转化。（3）BS和BS?B处理在前12 h水稻的净光合速率显著高于W+B和W处理；添加培养液后2—7 d，BS处理下的净光合速率值显著高于BS?B，同时，整个培养期间均显著高于W+B处理（P<0.05），沼液中的HCO3-显著改善了水稻叶片的光合作用。相比较而言，BS处理前5 d胞间CO2浓度均显著低于其他3个处理。BS和BS?B处理下水稻株高和水稻鲜重均显著高于W+B和W处理（P<0.05），4个处理间水稻干重无显著差异。（4）BS处理水稻幼苗固定的13CO2量为4.05 g·kg-1，标记物H13CO3-利用率为18.54%；W+B处理的13CO2固定量为3.29 g·kg-1，H13CO3-利用率为14.20%。H13CO3-源的13CO2促进水稻光合作用，有利于水稻生长。（5）BS和W+B处理下CO2及13CO2释放速率均与上覆水和土壤HCO3-含量、pH显著相关；同时，BS和W+B处理下水稻光合速率均与土壤中HCO3-含量显著正相关。【结论】 沼液还田，大量HCO3-转化显著促进了CO2的释放，有利于水稻光合作用。土壤中的HCO3-含量和土壤pH是影响CO2释放和水稻光合作用的重要因素。同时，水稻对沼液中的HCO3-具有更高的利用率，沼液中的HCO3-存在明显的类CO2施肥效应。
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| 关 键 词： | 沼液 HCO3- 13C标记 水稻 CO2施肥效应 光合作用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-22 |
Effect of CO2 Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO3- in Biogas Slurry |
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| WAN HuaQin,GU Xu,HE HongMei,TANG YiFan,SHEN JianHua,HAN JianGang,ZHU YongLi.Effect of CO2 Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO3- in Biogas Slurry[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2022,55(22):4445-4457. |
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| Authors: | WAN HuaQin GU Xu HE HongMei TANG YiFan SHEN JianHua HAN JianGang ZHU YongLi |
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| Institution: | 1College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 2100372Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 2100373Huanghai Seed Stock Farm, Dongtai 224200, Jiangsu4COFCO Jiajiakang (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Dongtai 224200, Jiangsu |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 Biogas slurry is rich in nitrogen (N), which is the basis of its farmland utilization. However, it also contains a large amount of HCO3-. In this study, the conversion of HCO3- in biogas slurry and its effect on rice growth were investigated, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry, reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer, and whether biogas slurry could be utilized as resources. 【Method】Four treatments, including biogas slurry (BS), biogas slurry (BS-B), deionized water plus HCO3- (W+B) and deionized water (W), were set up in this paper. Using 13C labeling technology, the characteristics of CO2 release were observed through pot experiment at Rice Seedling Stage, and the photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, dry and fresh weight, plant height, overlying water and soil pH, and HCO3- and NH4+ contents were analyzed. 【Result】(1) Under BS treatment, CO2 release rates ranged from 9.55 to 38.07 mg·kg-1·h-1, with a net cumulative release of 4 654.06 mg·kg-1. Under BS-B treatment, the CO2 release rates ranged from 4.55 to 17.25 mg·kg-1·h-1, and the net cumulative release was 780.68 mg·kg-1. Under W+B treatment, the CO2 release rate was 3.93-26.33 mg·kg-1·h-1, and the net cumulative release was 1 274.07 mg·kg-1. Under W treatment, the CO2 release rate was 3.22-11.90 mg·kg-1·h-1, and the cumulative release amount was 2 265.20 mg·kg-1. Under BS treatment, the average CO2 release rate was 4.18 times and 2.44 times of BS?B and W+B, respectively, and the net cumulative CO2 release was 5.96 times and 3.65 times of BS-B and W+B, respectively, which were significantly higher than those under BS?B and W+B treatments. At the same time, the net cumulative release under BS treatment was greater than the sum of the two treatments (BS-B) + (W+B), and HCO3- had a synergistic effect with other components in biogas slurry on CO2 release. (2) The net cumulative release of 13CO2 under BS treatment was 32.87 mg·kg-1, accounted for 0.71% of the net cumulative release of CO2 in soil-rice system. The net cumulative release of 13CO2 under W+B treatment was 13.18 mg·kg-1. In comparison, the net cumulative release amount of 13CO2 under BS treatment was significantly higher than that under W+B treatment (P<0.05), indicated that other components in biogas slurry promoted the conversion of HCO3- to CO2. (3) The net photosynthetic rate of BS and BS?B treatments in the first 12 h was significantly higher than that under W+B and W treatments. After the addition of culture medium, the net photosynthetic rate under BS treatment was significantly higher than that under BS?B treatment at 2-7 d, and was significantly higher than that under W+B treatment during the whole culture period (P<0.05). HCO3- in biogas slurry significantly improved the photosynthesis of rice leaves. In comparison, the intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly lower than that of the other three treatments 5 days before BS treatment. Rice plant height and fresh weight under BS and BS-B treatments were significantly higher than those under W+B and W treatments (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in dry weight among the four treatments. (4) The fixed 13CO2 content of rice seedlings treated by BS was 4.05 g·kg-1, and the utilization rate of marker HCO3- was 18.54%. The fixed amount of 13CO2 in W+B treatment was 3.29 g·kg-1 and the H13CO3- utilization rate was 14.20%. The 13CO2 of H13CO3- promoted the photosynthesis of rice and was beneficial to the growth of rice. (5) The release rates of CO2 and 13CO2 under BS and W+B treatments were significantly correlated with overlying water and soil HCO3- content and pH. At the same time, the photosynthetic rate of rice under BS and W+B treatments was significantly positively correlated with HCO3- content in soil. 【Conclusion】 When biogas slurry was returned to the field, a large amount of HCO3- transformation significantly promoted the release of CO2, which was beneficial to rice photosynthesis. Soil HCO3- content and soil pH value were important factors for affecting CO2 release and rice photosynthesis. At the same time, the rice had a higher utilization rate of HCO3- in biogas slurry, and HCO3- in biogas slurry had obvious CO2-like fertilization effect. |
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| Keywords: | biogas slurry HCO3- 13C marking rice CO2 fertilization effect photosynthesis |
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