| 人为干扰对阿尔泰山林地和草地生态系统健康影响分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 罗腾峰,叶茂,殷锡凯,徐海量,徐福军.人为干扰对阿尔泰山林地和草地生态系统健康影响分析[J].西北林学院学报,2022,37(6):18-25. |
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| 作者姓名： | 罗腾峰 叶茂 殷锡凯 徐海量 徐福军 |
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| 作者单位： | （1.阿尔泰山国有林管理局阿勒泰分局，新疆 阿勒泰 836500；2.新疆师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054；3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011；4.阿尔泰山国有林管理局，新疆 阿勒泰 836500） |
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| 摘 要： | 运用生态系统健康综合指数评价模型（VOR）评价阿尔泰山森林和草地生态系统健康整体状况，分析不同人为干扰方式（放牧、旅游和开矿）对阿尔泰山森林和草地生态系统健康影响，并运用单因素方差分析不同人为活动干扰下草地生态系统健康的差异性。结果表明，1）阿勒泰林区林地和草地均处于健康状态；布尔津林区林地处于亚健康状态，草地处于健康状态；富蕴林区林地处于健康状态，草地处于不健康状态。2）受旅游活动影响，布尔津林区旅游样地内区森林处于不健康状态，而草地处于健康状态。阿勒泰林区与布尔津林区旅游样地内草地差异不显著，也处于健康状态。受放牧影响，阿勒泰林区和富蕴林区牧道两侧草地均处于健康状态，但阿勒泰林区的草地组织力、恢复力和活力均高于富蕴林区草地。3）阿勒泰林区旅游样地6-9月草地生物量明显下降，差异十分显著；从牧道两侧草地变化看，6-9月，牧道两侧的草地生物量下降明显，物种丰富度和多样性指数也下降。4）富蕴林区废弃矿区样地外围随着距离增加，草地总生物量出现下降趋势，草总盖度在300 m处增加到最高值。5）3个林区的牧道、旅游和矿区的草地生态系统处于健康状态，除草地组织力指标外，3种人类活动干扰方式下的草地恢复力和活力2个指标影响差异不大。不同人类活动干扰方式下的草地健康水平的排序为牧道>矿区>旅游区，因此更应该注重旅游区草地生态系统的保护和可持续利用。
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| 关 键 词： | 生态系统健康评价 VOR模型 阿尔泰山 单因素方差分析 |
Impact of the Disturbance of Human Activities on the Health of Forest and Grassland Ecosystems in the Altai Mountains |
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| LUO Teng-feng,YE Mao,YIN Xi-kai,XU Hai-liang,XU Fu-jun. Impact of the Disturbance of Human Activities on the Health of Forest and Grassland Ecosystems in the Altai Mountains[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2022,37(6):18-25. |
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| Authors: | LUO Teng-feng YE Mao YIN Xi-kai XU Hai-liang XU Fu-jun |
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| Institution: | (1.Altai Forest Sub-bureau of Altai Mountain State Owned Forest Administration Bureau,Altay 836500,Xinjiang,China; 2.Geographical Science and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China; 3.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Science,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China; 4.Altai Mountain State Owned Forest Administration Bureau,Altay 836500,Xinjiang,China) |
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| Abstract: | The general health of the forest and grassland ecosystems in the Altai Mountains was evaluated by using the comprehensive index evaluation model of ecosystem health (vigor,organization,and resilience,VOR).The impacts of the disturbances of human activities (such as grazing,tourism and mining) on the health of the forest and grassland ecosystems were analyzed.One-way variance analysis was adopted to analyzes the differences in grassland ecosystem health under the disturbance of different human activities.The results showed that 1) the forest land and grassland in the Altai forest area were in healthy state.The forest land in Burqin forest area was in sub-healthy state and the grassland was in healthy state.The forest land in Fuyun forest area was in healthy state and the grassland was in unhealthy state.2) Affected by tourism activities,the forest in the tourism sample plots in Burqin forest region was in an unhealthy state,while the grassland was in healthy state.The grassland in the tourist plots in Altay Forest District and Burqin Forest District was not significantly different,and it was in healthy state.Affected by grazing,the grasslands on both sides of the pasture road in Altay and Fuyun forest regions were in healthy state,but the situation in Altay was better than Fuyun in the respects of the capabilities of grassland organization,resilience,and vigor.3) The grassland biomass of the tourist plot in Altay forest region decreased significantly in June and September,and the difference was significant.From the perspective of the changes in the grasslands on both sides of the pasture road,from June to September,the biomass of the grassland on both sides of the pasture road decreased significantly,and the species were rich.Degree and diversity index also declined.4) As the distance increased in the periphery of the abandoned mining area of the Fuyun forest area,the total grassland biomass showed a downward trend,and the total grass coverage increased to the highest value at 300 m.5) The grassland ecosystems in the pastoral roads,tourism and mining areas of the three forest areas were in healthy state.Except for the grassland organization index,the impacts of the two indicators of grassland restoration and vitality under the three interference modes of human activities had little difference.The order of grassland health level under different human activity interference modes was pastoral road>mining area>tourism area.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the protection and sustainable use of grassland ecosystems in tourist areas. |
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| Keywords: | ecological system health evaluation VOR Altai Mountains one-way ANOVA |
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