| 根茎类中药材收获机械化应用及研究现状 |
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| 引用本文： | 于庆旭,曹光乔,陈彬,刘燕,龚艳,陈小兵.根茎类中药材收获机械化应用及研究现状[J].中国农机化学报,2022,43(8):15. |
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| 作者姓名： | 于庆旭 曹光乔 陈彬 刘燕 龚艳 陈小兵 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所，南京市，210014 |
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| 基金项目： | 基金项目：中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(S202101—01、S202101—02、S202101—03、S202218、S202219、S202227)；中国农业科学院科技创新工程西部寒旱区特色作物生产机械化创新团队 |
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| 摘 要： | 近年来全球对中药材的需求日益旺盛，中药材种植面积逐年增加，根茎类中药材收获机的需求也随之增长。目前我国根茎类中药材收获仍以人工收获和中小型挖掘机收获方式为主，机械化水平较低、生产效率低，严重制约中药材产业的发展。从我国中药材种植现状出发，综合分析我国根茎类中药材收获机械化应用和研究现状，重点阐述关键部件挖掘机构、分离机构和输送机构的研究现状，总结归纳制约收获机械化发展的主要问题：农机农艺融合程度不足、联合收获机械的研发积极性不高、收净率和破损率缺乏系统性研究以及收获作业的智能调控技术缺乏研究。提出低耗深挖技术、柔性低损分离输送技术和智能调控技术是我国根茎类中药材收获机械化的未来发展趋势，为我国根茎类中药材收获机的研究提供借鉴和参考，以促进根茎类中药材收获机械化进一步发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 根茎类中药材 收获机械化 挖掘机构 分离机构 输送机构 |
Application and research status of harvesting mechanization of Rhizome Chinese herbal medicine |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, the growing global demand for Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has led to a continually increase in planting area under CHM, and the demand for harvesting machines for Rhizome Chinese herbal medicine (RCHM) enlarges. At present, the harvesting methods of RCHM in China are still mainly manual harvesting and small & medium sized excavator harvesting. The low level of mechanization and low production efficiency have seriously restricted the development of CHM industry. This paper briefly describes the current situation of planting CHM in China, and comprehensively analyzes the application and current situation of harvesting mechanization of RCHM, as well as focus on the research on the key components of excavation mechanical structure, separation mechanical structure and conveying mechanical structure. The main existing problems of RCHM harvester is summarized: the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy is insufficient, the enthusiasm for developing combine harvesters is not high, lack of systematic research on harvest rate and damage rate, and lack of research on intelligent regulation technology of harvesting operation. This paper expounds low consumption and deep excavation technology, flexible and low loss technology and intelligent control technology are the future development trend of mechanization of RCHM in China. In order to provide reference for the research of RCHM harvesters, so as to promote the further development of harvesting mechanization of RCHM. |
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