| 不同株高杂交种玉米抗倒伏特性及杂种优势 |
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| 引用本文： | 潘志远,段燕燕,常宝学,崔振坤,祁炳琴,胡静,勾玲.不同株高杂交种玉米抗倒伏特性及杂种优势[J].新疆农业科学,2022,59(7):1590-1597. |
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| 作者姓名： | 潘志远 段燕燕 常宝学 崔振坤 祁炳琴 胡静 勾玲 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.石河子大学新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室/石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 8320032.新疆九圣禾种子标准研究院有限公司,新疆昌吉 831100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金“玉米杂交组合抗倒伏性的生理机制研究”(31760361) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究不同株高玉米杂交种的抗倒性状的变化规律及杂种优势。【方法】以9个不同株高的玉米杂交种及其亲本为材料,测定与倒伏有关的植株形态、三节形态、茎秆穿刺强度、倒伏率指标。【结果】随着杂交种玉米株高增加,玉米杂交种穗位高及穗位系数升高。基部节间长度变长,茎粗系数变小。茎秆穿刺强度变弱,田间倒伏率增加。玉米杂交种茎秆穿刺强度与株高、穗位高、基部节间长度呈显著负相关关系。玉米杂交种株高具有较高的杂种优势,且高秆类型明显高于矮秆类型。穗位高的超母优势和杂种优势指数均表现为随植株高度的升高而增大。玉米基部节间长度杂种优势均表现比较高,且超母优势大于超父优势,高秆类型也高于矮秆类型。茎秆穿刺强度的杂种优势指数较强,且超父优势大于超母优势。【结论】玉米株高的母本优势大于父本优势,穿刺强度的父本优势大于母本优势,着重选择母本的株高较低、父本的穿刺强度较高的组合,有利于培育高产抗倒的玉米杂交种。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 株高 茎秆强度 倒伏 杂种优势 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-23 |
Research on the Lodging Resistance Characteristics and Heterosis in Different Height Maize Hybrids |
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| PAN Zhiyuan,DUAN Yanyan,CHANG Baoxue,CUI Zhenkun,QI Bingqin,HU Jing,GOU Ling.Research on the Lodging Resistance Characteristics and Heterosis in Different Height Maize Hybrids[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2022,59(7):1590-1597. |
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| Authors: | PAN Zhiyuan DUAN Yanyan CHANG Baoxue CUI Zhenkun QI Bingqin HU Jing GOU Ling |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832003, China2. Xinjiang Jiushenghe Seed Standard Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changji Xinjiang 831100, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 To investigate the variation and heterosis of lodging resistance traits in maize hybrids with different plant heights.【Methods】 In this study, nine maize hybrids of different plant heights and their parents were used as materials, the plant morphology, third internode morphology, rind puncture strength, and the lodging rate was determined. 【Results】 The results showed that with the increase of hybrid maize plant height, the ear height and ear coefficient of maize hybrids increased. The basal internode length became longer and the stalk thickness coefficient became lower. Stalk rind puncture strength became weaker and field lodging rate increased. Correlation analysis showed that stalk rind puncture strength of maize hybrids was significantly and negatively correlated with plant height, ear height and basal internode length. Heterosis analysis showed that maize hybrids had a high heterosis advantage in plant height, high heterosis advantage in long-stalked variety was higher than that in short-stalked variety. The super-mother advantage, mid-parent advantage and hybrid advantage index of ear height all showed an increase with plant height. Both mid-parental and heterosis for basal internode length of maize were higher, and super-mother advantage was higher than super-father advantage, and long-stalked variety were higher than short-stalked variety. 【Conclusion】 The heterosis index of stalk rind puncture strength is stronger, and super-father advantage is greater than super-mother advantage. Therefore, the selection of maize hybrids should focus on the selection of the plant type of the parental inbred lines, and thus can provide a reliable basis for speeding up the selection of high-yield and lodging-resistant varieties. |
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| Keywords: | maize plant height stalk strength lodging heterosis |
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