| 中国马铃薯种植业现状与展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐宁,张洪亮,张荣华,许亚坤.中国马铃薯种植业现状与展望[J].中国马铃薯,2021(1):81-96. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐宁 张洪亮 张荣华 许亚坤 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.黑龙江省农垦科学院经济作物研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 垦区社会公益性事务专项(KJZCZ202005);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503001);北大荒集团马铃薯协同创新产业体系。 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过对近20年(1999~2018年)中国马铃薯种植情况的相关数据进行统计整理,分析了4个生态区域播种面积、总产和单产变化情况及中国马铃薯种植业在国际中的地位。2017年中国马铃薯播种面积占全球的29.88%,总产占25.26%,单产为世界平均水平的85.50%。中国马铃薯种植面积和总产量在亚洲占比,多数年份在50%~60%浮动,占世界的比例逐年上升,从1961年的不足10%,增加到2017年的30%和25%。单产水平波动中上升,与亚洲和世界差距缩小。在中国,马铃薯占粮食产量和农作物总播种面积比例常年保持在3%左右,占粮食作物播种面积比重则在4%~5%浮动。西南混作区和北方一作区为中国马铃薯重要产区,播种面积接近全国的90%,总产量接近全国产量的85%,播种面积上西南混作区高于北方一作区,总产数据2个区域间差异不大。单产方面,中原二作区最高,其他3个区域水平相当。现今,中国马铃薯种植业存在单产水平低、种植比例小和区域分布不均等问题。未来中国马铃薯播种面积和总产量会继续占据世界领先地位,所占比例仍有较大增长潜力。品质提升将成为马铃薯产业未来第一要素,单产受其影响,增长速度将会减缓。
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| 关 键 词： | 马铃薯 播种面积 总产量 单产 变化趋势 |
Current Situation and Prospect of Potato Planting in China |
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| XU Ning,ZHANG Hongliang,ZHANG Ronghua,XU Yakun.Current Situation and Prospect of Potato Planting in China[J].Chinese Potato,2021(1):81-96. |
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| Authors: | XU Ning ZHANG Hongliang ZHANG Ronghua XU Yakun |
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| Institution: | (Institute of Economic Crops,Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China) |
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| Abstract: | Based on the statistics of potato planting situation in China in recent 20 years(1999-2018),the changes in planting area,total production and yield per unit area in four ecological regions are analyzed,and also the international status of China's potato planting industry are analyzed.In 2017,China's potato planting area accounted for 29.88%of the world's total,with a total output of 25.26%of the world,and yield per unit area of 85.50%of the world.The proportion of China's potato planting area and total output in Asia fluctuated from 50%to 60%in most years,and its proportion in the world increased year by year,from less than 10%in 1961 to 30%and 25%in 2017.The yield per unit area increased in fluctuation and the gap with Asia and the world narrowed.In China,potato accounts for about 3%of food crops total production and crops total planting area all the year round,while the proportion of potato in planting area of food crops fluctuates between 4%and 5%.Southwest mixed cropping region and North single cropping region are important potato production areas in China.The planting area is close to 90%of the national total,and production is close to 85%of the national total.The planting area of Southwest mixed cropping region is higher than that of North single cropping region,but the total production of the two regions have no obvious difference.For yield per unit area,the Central double cropping region is the highest,and other three regions have similar level.Nowadays,the potato planting industry in China has some problems,such as low yield per unit area,small planting proportion and uneven regional distribution.In the future,China's potato planting area and total production will continue to occupy the leading position in the world,and the proportion still has great growth potential.Quality improvement will become the first factor of potato industry in the future,and due to this,the growth rate of yield per unit area will slow down. |
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| Keywords: | potato planting area total production yield per unit area change trend |
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