Potato (Solanum spp.) in an isohyperthermic environment II. Response to planting date |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA;2. Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China;3. Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjukuku, Tokyo, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;2. Tianjin key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;3. School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, HarBin 150030, China |
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| Abstract: | The potato has only recently been introduced into isohyperthermic environments, and is grown during the dry season. There is a need to determine the optimum planting time and the range of possible planting dates. Two contrasting cultivars, ‘Cosima’ and DTO-2, were studied to determine the influence of planting date on their growth and development. They were planted on five dates from early to late dry season (October-January) during two years, at 14° N lat. in The Philippines. Another objective, studied during the second year, was to compare seed produced under hot lowland conditions and stored for 8 months, with newly sprouted seed grown under cool highland temperatures.Potato plants grew faster and tuberized earlier for later planting dates. Physiologically young seed of Cosima and DTO-2 always produced plants with superior canopies. Tuber bulking was linear up to about 70 days after planting. Total dry-matter production was highest with young Cosima seed, exceeding 100 g plant?1 for all planting dates except the last. Old Cosima and DTO-2 seed generally produced between 80 and 100 g dry matter plant?1. Final tuber yields were highest with the mid dry-season planting (December) during both years with highland seed Cosima yielding 30 t ha?1. Lowland seed of Cosima yielded over 21 t ha?1 for the first 4 planting dates, significantly less than yields from highland seed. Yield differences increased with later planting. Although highland seed is recommended, lowland seed is an alternative for poor farmers. The final tuber yield of Cosima decreased by 12% with a minimum air temperature rise from 18.5 to 21° C, while DTO-2 was more adversely affected. Based on these results, minimum ait temperatures above 21 °C are unsuitable for potato production. Total intercepted solar radiation was positively correlated with final tuber yields and total dry-matter production. Efficiency of conversion into dry matter was about 70% of that in cool temperate climates. |
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