| 黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区风沙土细沟分离能力探究 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱启明,程西科,刘俊娥,齐小倩,杨莉婷,崔钦凯,周正朝.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区风沙土细沟分离能力探究[J].水土保持学报,2022,36(6):189-194,205. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱启明 程西科 刘俊娥 齐小倩 杨莉婷 崔钦凯 周正朝 |
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| 作者单位： | 陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院, 西安 710119 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(42077058,41601282);陕西省高校科协青年人才托举计划项目(20210705);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(GK202103150,GK20201003);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021ZDLSF05-02) |
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| 摘 要： | 细沟侵蚀产沙是黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区坡面侵蚀产沙的主要来源,明确该区细沟侵蚀过程特征及其影响因素,对有效防控入黄泥沙和维护流域安全具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。选取水蚀风蚀交错区下垫面典型风沙土为研究对象,通过不同流量(3,5,7,9,11 L/min)、不同坡度(9°,12°,15°,18°,21°)组合下的室内水槽冲刷试验定量揭示风沙土细沟分离过程对坡度、流量以及流速的响应关系,并建立分离能力方程。结果表明:(1)分离能力对坡度和流量的响应均呈线性正相关关系,且相关性极显著。流量对风沙土分离能力的影响大于坡度。除了受到坡度、流量的影响,分离能力还受到坡度和流量叠合作用的影响,这3种因子对分离能力影响由强到弱依次为流量、坡度和流量的叠合作用、坡度,且分离能力与这3种因子的关系可用线性正相关关系表示。(2)流速可作为反映坡度和流量之间叠合作用的关键因子。细沟分离能力对流速的响应呈显著线性正相关关系,试验条件下,临界流速为0.607 m/s。(3)坡度与流量组合下,坡度、流量与坡度和流量叠合作用组合下,单个流速因子下以及坡度、流量与流速因子组合下的4个分离能力方程均能较好地预测和模拟风沙土的分离能力,其中考虑坡度、流量以及坡度和流量叠合作用的方程拟合效果最佳。该研究结果可为完善水蚀风蚀交错区细沟水蚀过程模型提供一定的理论基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 分离能力 细沟侵蚀 水蚀风蚀交错区 黄土高原 流速 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/5/7 0:00:00 |
Research on the Rill Detachment Capacity of Aeolian Sandy Soil in the Water-wind Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau |
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| ZHU Qiming,CHENG Xike,LIU June,QI Xiaoqian,YANG Liting,CUI Qinkai,ZHOU Zhengchao.Research on the Rill Detachment Capacity of Aeolian Sandy Soil in the Water-wind Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,36(6):189-194,205. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Qiming CHENG Xike LIU June QI Xiaoqian YANG Liting CUI Qinkai ZHOU Zhengchao |
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| Institution: | School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi''an 710119 |
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| Abstract: | The sediment yield caused by rill erosion is the main source of sediment yield in the water-wind erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau. It is of great scientific significance and practical value to make clear the characteristics of rill erosion process and its influencing factors in this region, so as to effectively prevent and control sediment entering the Yellow River and effectively maintain the safety of the watershed. In this study, the typical aeolian sandy soil on the underlying surface in the water-wind erosion crisscross region was selected as test soil, and the indoor flume scouring experiments with different flow discharges (3, 5, 7,9, 11 L/min) and different slope gradients (9°, 12°, 15°, 18°, 21°) were carried out, so as to establish equations, which could quantitatively reveal the response of rill detachment capacity to slope gradient, flow discharge and flow velocity. The results showed that: (1) The responses of detachment capacity to slope gradient and to flow discharge were both linearly and positively correlated, and the correlation were significant. The influence of flow discharge on detachment capacity was greater than that of slope gradient. In addition, detachment capacity was also affected by the superposition effect of slope gradient and flow discharge. The order of the influences on detachment capacity were: flow discharge, superposition effect of slope gradient and flow discharge, slope gradient. The relationships between detachment capacity and above three factors could also be well expressed by linearly positive correlations. (2) Flow velocity could be used as a key factor to reflect the superposition effect between slope gradient and flow discharge. There was a significant positively linear correlation between rill detachment capacity and flow velocity. Under the experimental conditions, the critical velocity was 0.607 m/s. (3) The four detachment capacity equations under the combination of slope gradient and flow discharge, under the combination of slope gradient, flow discharge and the superimposed effect of slope gradient and flow discharge, under the single flow velocity factor, and under the combination of slope gradient, flow discharge and flow velocity factor could predict and simulate the detachment capacity of aeolian sandy soil well, among which the equation considering the combination of slope gradient, flow discharge and the superimposed effect of slope gradient and flow discharge was the best. The results provide a theoretical basis for perfecting the rill erosion process model in water-wind erosion crisscross area. |
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| Keywords: | detachment capacity rill erosion water-wind erosion crisscross region Loess Plateau flow velocity |
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