| 氮肥减量施生物炭对水稻产量和养分利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 段建军,郭琴波,徐彬,蒙婼熙,刘安凯,侯再芬,梁国太,王小利.氮肥减量施生物炭对水稻产量和养分利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2022,36(6):298-308. |
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| 作者姓名： | 段建军 郭琴波 徐彬 蒙婼熙 刘安凯 侯再芬 梁国太 王小利 |
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| 作者单位： | 贵州大学烟草学院, 贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室, 贵阳 550025;贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025;贵州省农业农村厅, 贵阳 550001;贵州省思南县农业农村局, 贵州 铜仁 565100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(31860160,41361064);贵州大学培育项目(贵大培育[2019]12号) |
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| 摘 要： | 为解决水稻生产过度依赖化肥及其环境和高效利用问题,探讨贵州黄壤稻田科学施用生物炭。在贵州省思南县典型黄壤稻田开展氮肥不减量(T0)和氮肥减10%施2.5 t/hm2(T1),氮肥减20%施5.0 t/hm2(T2),氮肥减30%施7.5 t/hm2(T3),氮肥减40%施10.0 t/hm2生物炭(T4)和不施肥对照(CK)共6个处理3次重复田间小区随机区组试验,研究了氮肥减量施生物炭对水稻产量、产量构成和氮磷钾养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明,氮肥减量施生物炭显著影响贵州黄壤稻田水稻产量、产量构成、地上部氮磷钾积累量和利用效率。水稻产量和氮磷钾积累量随氮肥减量和生物炭用量增加先增大后减小。2019年、2020年和2021年水稻实际产量和理论产量均分别以T2、T3和T2最高,较T0分别显著增产16.04%,17.94%和14.73%以及55.72%,64.08%和118.91%,水稻籽粒N、P2O5和K2O积累量、偏生产力、农学效率、表观利用率和收获指数均较高,是较好的氮肥减量施生物炭处理。产量—施生物炭量回归方程和极值分析表明,2019年、2020年和2021年氮肥分别减量21.76%,24.60%和19.00%(即32.64,36.90,28.50 kg/hm2)施生物炭量5.44,6.15,4.75 t/hm2时水稻产量最高(分别为7.80,8.57,8.03 t/hm2),较T0分别增产22.52%,18.78%和13.74%。氮肥减量施生物炭显著提高氮磷钾化肥利用率,但导致化肥+生物炭磷和钾利用率降低,因此,贵州黄壤稻田施生物炭时应氮磷钾化肥同步减量,降低比例以氮磷钾减量19.00%~24.60%,施生物炭5.00~6.25 t/hm2为宜。研究结果对指导贵州黄壤稻田氮磷钾化肥减量和施生物炭具有重要指导意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 氮肥 水稻产量 产量构成因素 养分积累量 养分利用效率 生物炭 黄壤稻田 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/3/27 0:00:00 |
Effects of Biochar Application with Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Nutrient Utilization |
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| DUAN Jianjun,GUO Qingbo,XU Bin,MENG Ruoxi,LIU Ankai,HOU Zaifen,LIANG Guotai,WANG Xiaoli.Effects of Biochar Application with Reduced Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Nutrient Utilization[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,36(6):298-308. |
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| Authors: | DUAN Jianjun GUO Qingbo XU Bin MENG Ruoxi LIU Ankai HOU Zaifen LIANG Guotai WANG Xiaoli |
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| Institution: | College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality, Guiyang 550025;College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025;Agriculture and Rural Department of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550001;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Sinan County, Tongren, Guizhou 565100 |
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| Abstract: | This study aimed to solve the problem of excessive dependence of rice yield on pure chemical nitrogen fertilizer, the environmental problem and high efficiency utilization of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and even the scientific application of biochar in paddy field. A field experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2021 in Sinan county, Guizhou province. Taking no fertilization as the control (CK), five treatments of chemical nitrogen fertilizer dosages: T0~T4, i.e., 100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60% of nitrogen fertilizer, respectively, was set up under the principle of equal total nitrogen application. The rice yield, yield components and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake and utilization were studied. The results showed that biochar application with reduced nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected the yield, yield composition, aboveground nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium utilization efficiency of rice. The grain yield and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar application amount and the decrease of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest actual and theoretical rice yield were found under T2, T3 and T2 respectively in 2019, 2020 and 2021, which three significantly increased by 16.04%, 17.94% and 14.73%, and 55.72%, 64.08% and 118.91%, respectively, compared with T0. The accumulation of N, P2O5 and K2O, partial productivity, agronomic efficiency, apparent utilization, and harvest index of rice grains were also higher. So T2 and T3 were the relatively better treatments with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application of biochar. The regression equation of yield-biochar application and extreme value analysis showed that the applied nitrogen fertilizer decreased by 21.76%, 24.60% and 19.00%, respectively in 2019, 2020 and 2021, i.e., 32.64, 36.90 and 28.50 kg/hm2.The highest rice yield (7.80, 8.57 and 8.03 t/hm2, respectively) was obtained at the biochar application of 5.44, 6.15 and 4.75 t/hm2, these yields were increased by 22.52%, 18.78% and 13.74%, respectively, compared with T0. Application of biochar with reduced N fertilizer significantly increased the utilization rate of N, P and K of chemical N, P and K fertilizers, but decreased the utilization rate of that of the chemical fertilizers plus biochar. Therefore, N, P and K fertilizers should be reduced simultaneously when applying biochar in Guizhou yellow soil paddy fields, the reduction percentage of which are 19.00%~24.60% and best application rate of biochar is 5.00~6.25 t/hm2. This study has important guiding significance for N, P, and K fertilizer reduction and biochar application in yellow soil paddy fields in Guizhou Province. |
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| Keywords: | nitrogen fertilizer rice yield yield components nutrient accumulation nutriment use efficiency biochar paddy field of yellow soil |
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