| 秸秆粉碎与残膜集条联合作业机的研制与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 于云海,陈学庚,温浩军.秸秆粉碎与残膜集条联合作业机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(24):1-8. |
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| 作者姓名： | 于云海 陈学庚 温浩军 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 石河子大学机械电气工程学院,石河子,832003;2. 石河子大学机械电气工程学院，石河子 832003; 新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所，石河子 832000;3. 新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,石河子,832000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（51409002，51479045，51579059，51579060）；国家重点研发项目（2016YFC0401303） |
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| 摘 要： | 地膜残留已经成为影响新疆棉区可持续发展的一个主要因素，而现有的残膜回收机具大多存在适应性差、工作效率低、回收的地膜含杂率高、结构复杂等问题。针对上述实际情况，该文提出了先将地膜集条再捡拾回收的分步作业思路，设计了一种用于秋后的秸秆粉碎与地膜集条联合作业机，主要由悬挂装置、动力传递系统、秸秆粉碎装置、秸秆输送装置、地膜集条装置、脱模装置等部件组成。该机采用抛送式秸秆粉碎装置，将粉碎的秸秆后抛至集条后的地面上，有利于残膜回收秸秆分离；采用仿形式地膜集条装置，适应性好，集条率高。样机试验结果表明，机具作业速度为5～7 km/h、刀轴转速为1880 r/min、集条装置的转速在150～160 r/min时，平均工作效率可达到1.15 hm2/h，平均地膜集条率可达到92.6%；平均膜秆分离率可达90.5%；平均粉碎秸秆长度合格率可达97.5%，各主要参数均满足农艺和国家标准要求。该研究可为中国主要棉区的残膜污染治理提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 设计 试验 秸秆粉碎 地膜 集条 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/8/30 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 7/5/2016 12:00:00 AM |
Development and experiment of straw chopping and plastic film strip-collection combined machine |
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| Yu Yunhai,Chen Xuegeng and Wen Haojun.Development and experiment of straw chopping and plastic film strip-collection combined machine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(24):1-8. |
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| Authors: | Yu Yunhai Chen Xuegeng and Wen Haojun |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province, Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province and Huaihe River Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Hefei 233088, China;,1. Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province, Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province and Huaihe River Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Hefei 233088, China;,2. School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; 3. Institute of Water Resources and Environmental Systems Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;,1. Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province, Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province and Huaihe River Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Hefei 233088, China; and 2. School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; 3. Institute of Water Resources and Environmental Systems Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Pond is the small-scale impoundment irrigation project that is excavated on the ground or formed on the depressions to intercept and store local surface runoff. It plays an irreplaceable role in irrigation development process. According to the China water conservancy census results, by the end of 2011, there were 4.5651 million ponds in China, which had a total capacity of 30.317 billion m3 for water storage. The number of ponds distributed in hilly areas accounted for about 71% of the total number in China. But for the existing ponds in Jianghuai hilly area, the overall construction standards are low. Moreover, the siltation desolation phenomenon of ponds is prominent and the phenomenon of waste ponds changed to field is obvious, which caused a sharp reduction in quantity and storage capacity of ponds in Jianghuai hilly area. In addition, rice is planted in this area and the irrigation methods are mostly flood irrigation, which results in low water use efficiency and further aggravates the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. Therefore, how to regulate the storage and distribution of rainwater, surface water, pond water and soil water and improve water and soil resource utilization, is the fundamental way to alleviate the shortage of local water resources, accelerate the rural economic development and make the people become rich. Under the premise of ensuring the demand of water supply in rural areas, the goal of maximizing the efficiency of agricultural irrigation is put forward, and then water resource optimal allocation model of pond irrigation district is established, and the water resource optimization control technology system is formed for the pond irrigation district based on the simulation theory. Suitable capacity per unit area is 270 000 m3/km2 for the ponds in the study area under the optimization. Suitable water-saving irrigation technology model and irrigation procedure are determined for the pond irrigation district. Operable adjustment rules of crop planting structure are proposed. Under the guarantee of the supply of rural living water, the annual average irrigation water shortage is reduced by 39 800 m3/km2, the annual average water shortage rate decreases from 19.79% to 2.95%, the annual average irrigation benefit increases by 117 100 Yuan/km2, and the multi-year average income increases by 7.32% in the study area. And its economic and social benefits are remarkable. The results provide the theoretical basis and technical support for comprehensive treatment of pond irrigation district in Jianghuai hilly area and the establishment of water allocation scheme and irrigation practice. It has obvious practical significance and important application value. |
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| Keywords: | irrigation water resources optimization regulation and control water resources management Jianghuai hilly region |
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