Ultrasonographic study of a modified axillary approach to block the major branches of the brachial plexus in dogs |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;2. Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;1. Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;2. Anatomy Department, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;1. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;2. Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA;3. Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo provide ultrasonographic mapping of the axillary region of dogs to facilitate identification of the major branches of the brachial plexus in relation to the axillary artery.Study designProspective study.AnimalsA total of two dog cadavers and 50 client-owned, healthy dogs weighing >15 kg.MethodsIn Phase 1, anatomical dissections were performed to identify the relation of the major brachial plexus nerves to the axillary artery. In Phase 2, with the dogs in dorsal recumbency with thoracic limbs flexed naturally, the axillary space was scanned using a linear array probe oriented on the parasagittal plane until the axis transverse to nerves was found. Then, the transducer was rotated to a slight lateral angle approximately 30° to midline. The examination aimed to identify the axillary artery and the musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves in addition to determining their position and distribution in four predefined sectors.ResultsThe musculocutaneous nerve was observed in all animals cranial to the axillary artery. The radial, ulnar and median nerves were distributed around the axillary artery, with >90% on the caudal aspect of the axillary artery (sectors 1 and 2).Conclusions and clinical relevanceUltrasonography identified the location of the brachial plexus nerves near the studied sectors, providing useful guidance for performing a brachial plexus nerve block. |
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| Keywords: | anesthesia regional anesthesia sonoanatomy |
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