Evaluation of genetic variability and mutation drift equilibrium of Banni buffalo using multi locus microsatellite markers |
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| Authors: | B P Mishra R S Kataria P Kathiravan S S Bulandi K P Singh D K Sadana |
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| Institution: | (1) National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal – 132001 Haryana, India;(2) Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, SDAU, Sardar Krushinagar, Gujarat, India |
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| Abstract: | The present study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of Banni buffalo and its relationship/differentiation with Murrah
using genotypic data on 24 heterologus bovine specific microsatellite marker loci. A total of 138 alleles were observed with
a mean of 5.75 alleles/locus across two populations. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were found to be 0.441
and 0.572 respectively in Banni buffaloes while it was 0.464 and 0.610 respectively in Murrah buffaloes. The average heterozygosity
deficit was significantly positive with substantially higher values observed in Banni (22.3%) and Murrah (24%) buffalo populations.
Banni buffalo population, when evaluated for mutation drift equilibrium revealed significant heterozygosity excess under IAM
while no such excess was observed under SMM and TPM. The qualitative graphical test revealed a normal L-shaped distribution
of allele frequencies indicating the absence of genetic bottleneck in Banni buffaloes. The mean estimates of F-statistics
over all the loci were 0.376 for FIT, 0.187 for FST and 0.232 for FIS respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed 18.95% of the total variation being explained by between breed
differences while 14.36% of the variation explained differences between individuals within each breed. Genotype assignment
test revealed distinct clustering of Banni and Murrah buffaloes. Genetic distance was estimated using three different methods,
the results of which revealed considerable genetic differentiation between these two buffalo populations. The divergence time
between Banni and Murrah buffaloes was estimated to be around 7286 years. The results of the present study may be helpful
in decision making for conservation programs as Banni buffalo population is on decline. |
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