| 施肥对旱作区新修梯田土壤理化性质及马铃薯产量的影响 |
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| 作者姓名： | 柳燕兰 马明生 张绪成 李世成 雷康宁 李继明 张强 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所，甘肃 兰州 730070;甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730070;甘肃省农业技术推广总站，甘肃 兰州 730020;定西市安定区农业技术推广服务中心，甘肃 定西 743000 |
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| 基金项目： | 甘肃省农业农村厅科技项目(GNKJ-2020-5)；甘肃省农业科学院科技成果转化项目(2022GAAS-CGZH01)；甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR10RA464)；甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2019GAAS25)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 探究施肥对旱作区新修梯田土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响，对中低产田地力提升具有重要意义。利用2019年设置在定西市安定区新修梯田的定位试验，分析不施肥(CK)、施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、氮磷钾肥配施有机肥(NPKM)、氮磷钾肥配施有机肥再增施土壤调理剂(NPKMF)对土壤理化性质和马铃薯产量的影响，以评价施肥对新修梯田土壤的培肥效果。结果表明，与不施肥(CK)相比，各施肥处理均降低了新修梯田挖方部位和填方部位的土壤容重，提高了土壤总孔隙度和田间持水量，增加了土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量，挖方部部位和填方部位马铃薯产量分别提高21.79%～66.13%和24.91%～32.28%。与施氮磷钾肥相比，氮磷钾肥配施有机肥再增施土壤调理剂降低了挖方部位和填方部位的土壤容重，提高了土壤总孔隙度和田间持水量，且对挖方部位的改善效果更显著；但土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量差异均不显著，挖方部部位和填方部位碱解氮含量分别显著提高9.98%和10.00%，马铃薯产量分别提高了36.40%和5.90%。综上可知，氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥再增施土壤调理剂可降低土壤容重，提高土壤总孔隙度和田间持水量，提升土壤养分含量，增加马铃薯产量，是旱作区新修梯田地力提升的有效措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 施肥 旱作区 新修梯田 土壤物理性质 养分含量 马铃薯 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/10/26 0:00:00 |
Effects of Fertilization on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Potato Yield of New Terraced Farmland in Raid-fed Region |
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| Authors: | LIU Yanlan MA Mingsheng ZHANG Xucheng LI Shicheng LEI Kangning LI Jiming ZHANG Qiang |
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| Institution: | Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China ;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Dry Farming Region, Lanzhou Gansu 730070, China;Gansu Agricultural Technologies Extension Station, Lanzhou Gansu 730020, China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Anding District in Dingxi, Dingxi Gansu 743000, China |
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| Abstract: | Exploring the effect of fertilization on the physical and chemical properties of soil and crop yield of newly built terrace land in rain-fed areas is integral for improving the fertility of middle and low yield fields. The potato yield and soil physical and chemical properties in four treatments, composed of no fertilizer control(CK), a single application of fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium(NPK), fertilizer combined with manure(NPKM), fertilizer combined with manure and then added with soil conditioner(NPKMF) from a long-term experimental field established in 2019, were studied to evaluate the effects of different fertilization treatments on crop yield and soil physical properties of the new terraced farmland in the Anding District of Dingximunicipality. Compared with CK, fertilization reduced soil bulk density, increased soil total porosity and field capacity, increased contents of soil organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus of cut and fill of new terraced farmland, which increased potato yield of cut and fill by 21.79% to 66.13% and 24.91% to 32.28%, respectively. Compared with NPK, NPKMF reduced soil bulk density, increased soil total porosity and field water capacity of excavation and filling, and it had more significant improvement effect on excavation. However, the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium were not significantly different, but the content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen was significantly increased by 9.98% and 10.00%, respectively. Eventually the yield of potato was increased by 36.40% and 5.90%, respectively. Therefore, fertilizer combined with manure and then added with soil conditioner could reduce soil bulk density, increase soil total porosity and field capacity, improve soil nutrient contents, and increase potato yield. This could be used to efficiently improve the fertility of new terraced farmland in rain-fed areas. |
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| Keywords: | Fertilization Rain-fed region New terraced farmland Soil physical property Soil nutrient content Potato Yield |
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