| 水稻穗分化期高温胁迫对颖花退化及籽粒充实的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王亚梁,张玉屏,朱德峰,向镜,武辉,陈惠哲,张义凯.水稻穗分化期高温胁迫对颖花退化及籽粒充实的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(9):1402-1410. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王亚梁 张玉屏 朱德峰 向镜 武辉 陈惠哲 张义凯 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水稻研究所 / 水稻生物学国家重点实验室，浙江杭州 310006 |
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| 基金项目： | 本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203029)和国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-09B)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确水稻穗分化期高温胁迫对颖花退化和籽粒充实的影响，选用耐热性品种黄华占和热敏感性品种丰两优6号进行人工气候箱盆栽试验，于倒一叶心叶抽出时(花粉母细胞形成至减数分裂期)进行高温处理(10:00-15:00，40℃) 1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、9 d，并以同时段适温处理(10:00-15:00，32℃)为参考，自然条件下生长的植株为对照(CK)，分析不同持续天数高温对颖花退化、花器官发育和籽粒充实的影响。结果表明：(1)随着处理天数的增加，高温加剧颖花退化，与适温处理及CK相比，高温处理9 d黄华占颖花退化率增加45.8%和62.9%，丰两优6号颖花退化率增加81.7%和136.1%，丰两优6号增加幅度大于黄华占。(2)高温处理1~3 d降低花粉活力，5~9 d抑制花药充实。花药发育不良，花粉形成受阻是导致结实率显著下降的原因，两品种趋势一致。(3)高温处理缩短颖花长度，降低籽粒充实性，使千粒重显著下降，热敏感性品种丰两优6号下降幅度大于耐热性品种黄华占，籽粒充实在5 d以上高温处理下降显著。研究说明倒一叶生长时期高温胁迫影响穗生长发育，生产中需加强相应栽培措施的调控。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 高温胁迫 颖花退化 花药发育 籽粒结实 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-02-18 |
Effect of Heat Stress on Spikelet Degeneration and Grain Filling at Panicle Initiation Period of Rice |
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| WANG Ya-Liang,ZHANG Yu-Ping,ZHU De-Feng,XIANG Jing,WU Hui,CHEN Hui-Zhe,ZHANG Yi-Kai.Effect of Heat Stress on Spikelet Degeneration and Grain Filling at Panicle Initiation Period of Rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(9):1402-1410. |
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| Authors: | WANG Ya-Liang ZHANG Yu-Ping ZHU De-Feng XIANG Jing WU Hui CHEN Hui-Zhe ZHANG Yi-Kai |
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| Institution: | China National Rice Research Institute / State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 310006, China |
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| Abstract: | Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on rice spikelets degeneration and grain filling at panicle initiation stage. A tolerant (Huanghuazhan) and a susceptible (Fengliangyou 6) cultivars were treated in phytotron with high temperature (10:00–15:00, 40℃) and normal temperature (10:00–15:00, 32℃) for one, three, five, seven, and nine days at last leaf emergence stage, with these grown under natural condition as control. The results indicated that the ratio of spikelet degeneration increased greatly with increasing heat-treating time. The ratio of spikelet degeneration of Huanghuazhan increased 45.8% and 62.9% after nine days under high temperature as compared with normal temperature treatment and control, and the ratio of Fengliangyou6 increased 81.7% and 136.1% in the same treatment, showing higher ratio of spikelet degeneration in Fengliangyou6 than Huanghuazhan. The pollen activity significantly decreased after one day under high temperature stress, and anther formation significantly inhibited after five days under high temperature stress. Bad anther formation and poor pollen activity under heat stress resulting in seed-setting rate significantly decreased. Spikelet length and grain filling of two cultivars decreased due to heat stress effect, resulting in a significant reduction of grain weight, with a larger reduction rate in Fengliangyou6 than in Huanghuazhan. Grain filling reduced significantly after five days of high temperature treatment. According to the study, heat stress at last leaf emergence stage may sharply decrease rice yield, and corresponding cultivation measures should be strengthened in production. |
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| Keywords: | Rice Heat stress Spikelet degeneration Anther formation Grain filling |
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