| 高寒草甸放牧生态系统研究现状 |
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| 引用本文： | 董全民,恰加,赵新全,马玉寿.高寒草甸放牧生态系统研究现状[J].草业科学,2007,24(11):60-65. |
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| 作者姓名： | 董全民 恰加 赵新全 马玉寿 |
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| 作者单位： | 青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海,西宁,810016;青海省草原推广总站,青海,西宁,810001;中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海,西宁,810001 |
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| 摘 要： | 综述了放牧强度对高寒草甸植物、动物和土壤的影响,说明放牧强度是影响家畜生产力、草场恢复力和稳定性的重要因素,也是影响土壤理化性质和土壤养分分布格局的关键因素;同时指出,高寒草地放牧系统受人为或气候等因素的影响而不断变化,影响的强度会改变整个系统的状态和变化趋势,即使是同一块草地,其负载能力和适宜放牧率(强度)也有所波动.因此,高寒草地放牧生态系统研究应以草场本身的条件和动态特征加以评价,应尽可能选择较多的气候和草场类型,应用动态规划和系统优化模型,对草地的持续生产和畜牧业的可持续发展进行动态模拟;建立草地放牧生态系统管理专家系统.
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| 关 键 词： | 高寒草甸 放牧强度 植物 动物 土壤 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-0629（2007）11-0060-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2006-10-16 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006年10月16 |
Current situation of grazing ecosystem on alpine meadow |
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| DONG Quan-min,QIA Jia,ZHAO Xin-quan,MA Yu-shou.Current situation of grazing ecosystem on alpine meadow[J].Pratacultural Science,2007,24(11):60-65. |
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| Authors: | DONG Quan-min QIA Jia ZHAO Xin-quan MA Yu-shou |
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| Institution: | 1.Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Xining 810016,China; 2. Qinghai Grassland Working Station, Xining 810001,China; 3. Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, China Academy of Science, Xining 810001,China |
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| Abstract: | This paper summarized the effects of grazing intensities on plants,animals and soils in alpine meadow grazing ecosystem,which indicated that grazing intensity was an important factor affecting livestock productivity,resilience and stability of grazing grassland,and also a key factor influencing on physical and chemical characteristics of soil and distributing pattern of soil nutrition.Alpine grassland grazing ecosystem was continually mutative due to influence of artificial and climatic factors,the intensity of this influence could alter the state and variation trend of grazing ecosystem and even in same grazing grassland,its carrying capacity and optimal grazing intensity would fluctuate.Therefore,studies on alpine grassland grazing ecosystem should base on the condition and dynamic character of grazing grassland,choose more types of climate and pasture,apply dynamic programming and system optimal model to simulate sustainable production and development of grassland and animal husbandry, and establish expert system for grassland grazing ecosystem management. |
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| Keywords: | alpine meadow grazing intensity plant animal soil |
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