| 宁南山区春玉米施肥现状及减施潜力 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵营,刘晓彤,罗健航,张学军,张靠稳.宁南山区春玉米施肥现状及减施潜力[J].玉米科学,2021,29(3):159-164. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵营 刘晓彤 罗健航 张学军 张靠稳 |
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| 作者单位： | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 银川 750002;北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院, 银川 750021 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFD0201807）、宁夏农林科学院科技创新引导项目（NKYJ-19-03） |
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| 摘 要： | 在宁南山区的固原市原州区和彭阳县调查65个春玉米种植户的产量、施肥量及肥料种类等。结果表明,该区域春玉米平均产量为9.4 t/hm~2,80%的调查农户春玉米产量处在适中及偏低以下水平(10.5 t/hm~2)。春玉米生产中N、P_2O_5、K2O养分的平均用量分别为353、253、370 kg/hm~2,其中,化肥N、P_2O_5投入分别为314、175 kg/hm~2,K2O全部来自有机肥。有机肥以牛粪为主(施用比例达89.2%),平均用量为25.6 t/hm~2。氮、磷养分的平均偏生产力分别是31.6、61.1 kg/kg;46.2%农户的化肥N施用量为300～400 kg/hm~2,52.3%农户的化肥P_2O_5用量为100～200 kg/hm~2;72.3%、83.0%的农户分别施用过量的化肥N、P_2O_5;化肥种类以二铵、尿素为主(施用比例分别达86.2%、83.1%)。该区域氮磷化肥减施潜力分别为26.8%和37.1%,宁南山区春玉米在有机肥大量施用的条件下,化肥氮磷减施是节本增效的关键措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 春玉米 宁南山区 产量 有机肥 化肥用量 化肥偏生产力 减施潜力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/6/20 0:00:00 |
Current Status of Fertilizer Application and the Potential for Fertilizer Reduction in Spring Maize in the Southern Mountain Region of Ningxia |
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| ZHAO Ying,LIU Xiao-tong,LUO Jian-hang,ZHANG Xue-jun,ZHANG Kao-wen.Current Status of Fertilizer Application and the Potential for Fertilizer Reduction in Spring Maize in the Southern Mountain Region of Ningxia[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2021,29(3):159-164. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Ying LIU Xiao-tong LUO Jian-hang ZHANG Xue-jun ZHANG Kao-wen |
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| Institution: | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002; College of Biological Sciences and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China |
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| Abstract: | The yields, fertilizers input rates and fertilizer types of 65 maize growers were investigated in Yuanzhou district and Pengyang county of Guyuan city. The results showed that spring maize yield was 9.4 t/ha on average. About 80% of the households had medium or low maize yield (lower than <10.5 t/ha). The average N, P2O5, and K2O application rates in spring maize were 353, 253, and 370 kg/ha, respectively. Among them, N and P2O5 input from chemical fertilizers were 314 and 175 kg/ha, respectively. K2O input was totally from manure. Beef cattle manure was the main organic fertilizer, which was applied by 89.2% of the farmers, with the average input rate of 25.6 t/ ha. About 46.2% of the households applied 300-400 kg/ha of chemical fertilizer N, and 50.8% of the households applied 100-200 kg/ha of chemical fertilizer P2O5. Chemical N and P2O5 were excessively applied by 72.3% and 83.0% of growers, respectively. Diammonium phosphate and urea were the main chemical fertilizers used, accounting for 86.2% and 83.1% of the total fertilizer types, respectively. It is suggested that chemical N and P fertilizers can be potentially reduced by 26.8% and 37.1% in this region, respectively. Therefore, under the condition of lots of manure application in spring maize, it is a key countermeasure for saving costs and increasing benefits by reduction of chemical fertilizers N and P in the Southern Mountain Region of Ningxia. |
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| Keywords: | Spring maize Southern mountain region of Ningxia Yield Manure Chemical fertilizers application rate PFP of Chemical fertilizers Potential for fertilizer reduction |
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