| 基于节水高产优质目标的冬小麦适宜水分亏缺模式 |
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| 引用本文： | 王书吉,康绍忠,李涛.基于节水高产优质目标的冬小麦适宜水分亏缺模式[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(12):111-118. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王书吉 康绍忠 李涛 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083; 2. 河北工程大学水电学院,邯郸 056021;,1. 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083;,1. 中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金委创新研究群体科学基金项目（51321001）;河北省自然科学基金（E2013402058）;河北省教育厅青年基金（Q2012050） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了探讨不同生育期水分亏缺对冬小麦产量和蛋白质形成的影响,同时确定出节水、高产、优质目标下冬小麦各生育期适宜的水分亏缺水平,开展了防雨棚下的冬小麦人工控水试验。该研究在返青期、拔节期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆成熟期设置2个水分亏缺水平即轻度亏水L(含水率控制在55%~60%田间持水量,相应土壤水吸力为375~448 k Pa)和中度亏水M(含水率控制在45%~50%田间持水量,土壤水吸力为586~687 k Pa);另设全生育期不亏水对照处理CK(含水率控制在65%~70%田间持水量,土壤水吸力为256~305 k Pa)。研究结果显示,同CK相比,亏水处理使得灌浆持续期缩短2.72%~15.78%,达到最大灌浆速度的时间提前2.33%~14.58%;除灌浆成熟期轻度亏水、中度亏水处理外,其他处理均使得最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率增加,其最大值分别为15.77%和12.09%。亏水处理没有改变蛋白质形成的基本趋势,均呈"V"字形;但亏水程度不同,蛋白质含量及产量不同,在拔节期、抽穗扬花期和灌浆成熟期,随着亏水程度加重,蛋白质含量升高,蛋白质含量最高为灌浆成熟期中度亏水处理(质量分数为14.33%),最低为拔节期轻度亏水处理(质量分数为12.88%);蛋白质产量最高为全生育期不亏水对照处理CK(1047.30 kg/hm2),最低为拔节期轻度亏水处理(802.77 kg/hm2)。结果表明,兼顾冬小麦产量与蛋白质产量的适宜亏水模式依次为:返青期轻度亏水、返青期中度亏水、灌浆成熟期轻度亏水、抽穗扬花期轻度亏水、拔节期中度亏水、拔节期轻度亏水。研究结果为相关区域冬小麦高产、优质栽培和水分调控提供理论依据和数据支持。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤 灌溉 水资源 水分亏缺 冬小麦 产量 蛋白质 形成 |
| 收稿时间： | 2/8/2015 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/5/22 0:00:00 |
Suitable water deficit mode for winter wheat basing objective of water saving as well as high yield and quality |
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| Wang Shuji,Kang Shaozhong and Li Tao.Suitable water deficit mode for winter wheat basing objective of water saving as well as high yield and quality[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(12):111-118. |
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| Authors: | Wang Shuji Kang Shaozhong and Li Tao |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;2. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056021, China,1. Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China and 1. Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Agricultural water was stress in Haihe River Basin of China, many peasants had given up farming because of irrigation water shortage during the critical period of crop water requirement, if this trend continues, local food security would be affected. Therefore, profound understanding crop's water requirement rules and improving agricultural water use efficiency is very important. Winter wheat is one of the crops that have the largest acreage and high water consumption during the whole growth period, and occupies an important position in the diet of local residents. Therefore, we conducted a water-controlling field experiment to examine the effects of water deficit on the yield and protein formation of winter wheat during the growth and development stages, and meanwhile determined the better water deficit level at each development stage for the objective of water saving as well as high yield and quality. Two water deficit levels were set up during four growth and development stages including green stage, jointing stage, heading and flowering stage, filling and ripening stage. The two water deficit levels were light water deficit (L, soil moisture content was field capacity 55%-60%, soil water suction was 375-448 kPa) and moderate water deficit (M, soil moisture content was field capacity 45%-50%, soil water suction was 586-687 kPa). Moreover, proper soil water treatment during whole stage (CK) was also set up with soil moisture content being of field capacity 65%-70% and soil water suction 256-305 kPa. Our results showed that comparing with the proper soil water treatment (CK), the filling period shorten by 2.72%-15.78% under the deficit treatments. The time for arriving maximum filling speed were advanced with a range of 2.33%-14.58%. All deficit treatments increased the maximum filling speed and the average filling speed except for the treatments of light and moderate water deficit at the filling and ripening stage, and the maximum values were 15.77% and 12.09%, respectively. The basic trend of protein formation showed a "V-shape" curve, which was unchanged by deficit treatments, protein contents and yields various with water deficit treatment. Protein content increased with the aggravation of water deficit at all growth stages except for the green stage. Moderate water deficit at filling and ripening stage featured with the maximum protein content (14.33%), and the light water deficit at jointing stage with the minimum protein content (12.88%). Proper soil water treatment during whole stage (CK) featured with the maximum protein yield (1047.30 kg/hm2), light water deficit at jointing stage featured with the minimum protein yield (802.77 kg/hm2).These results suggested that giving consideration to winter wheat yield and protein yield both, suitable deficit treatments successively were light water deficit at green stage, moderate water deficit at green stage, light water deficit at filling and ripening stage, light water deficit at heading and flowering stage, moderate water deficit at jointing stage, and light water deficit at jointing stage. Our results are important for providing theory and data to the cultivation of winter wheat for water saving as well as high yield and quality. |
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| Keywords: | soils irrigation water resources water deficit winter wheat yield protein formation |
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