Three-dimensional elastic behaviour of common yew and Norway spruce |
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| Authors: | Daniel Keunecke Stefan Hering Peter Niemz |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute for Building Materials (Wood Physics Group), ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 6, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | In view of its high density, yew wood has a remarkably low longitudinal Young’s modulus, which makes it unique among coniferous
woods. However, the elastic response of yew related to other load directions is largely unknown. Therefore, our goal was to
comprehensively characterise the three-dimensional elastic behaviour of yew wood. To achieve this, we performed tensile tests
on dog-bone-shaped yew specimens and determined the three Young’s moduli and six Poisson’s ratios using a universal testing
machine and a digital image correlation technique. All tests were also applied to spruce as reference species. After including
the shear moduli determined in a prior study by our group, all elastic engineering parameters of yew and spruce were ascertained.
Based on these values, the three-dimensional elastic behaviour was describable with deformation bodies and polar diagrams.
Evaluating these illustrations revealed that yew had a lower stiffness only in the longitudinal direction. In all other three-dimensional
directions, spruce was clearly more compliant than yew. Particularly, in the radial–tangential plane, both species varied
largely in their degree of anisotropic elasticity. All mentioned differences between yew and spruce originate at the microstructural
level. |
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