| 基于阶次分析的永磁同步电机噪声源识别 |
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| 引用本文： | 林福,左曙光,吴旭东,吴双龙,毛钰.基于阶次分析的永磁同步电机噪声源识别[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(17):69-76. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林福 左曙光 吴旭东 吴双龙 毛钰 |
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| 作者单位： | 同济大学新能源汽车工程中心,上海,201804 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（51375343）；国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项（2012YQ150256）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了识别出永磁同步电机的噪声来源，该文对常见的机械噪声和不同影响因素下的电磁噪声特点进行研究。首先分析了滚动轴承产生的噪声阶次特征，识别出了滚珠内外圈通过频率对应的分数阶噪声。其次通过麦克斯韦应力张量法推导了理想条件下作用于定子内表面的径向力波的频率阶次，结合实测电流谐波分析了不同电流谐波类型下的径向力波特征，通过引入偏心修正系数分析了转子动态偏心对径向力波的影响，从而识别出了不同影响因素下的电磁噪声源。并且建立了永磁同步电机的有限元模型，通过模态试验对定子铁芯和绕组的等效进行验证，由电机约束模态分析获取了电机在实际安装条件下的模态参数，对实测的共振噪声来源进行解释。最后分析了各影响因素产生的噪声对总体噪声的贡献量，指出电机的主要噪声源。该研究可以识别出永磁同步电机的每一阶次噪声和共振噪声的来源，为进一步的减振降噪奠定基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 永磁体 同步电机 转子 偏心 径向力波 电流谐波 噪声源诊断 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/12/8 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/2/28 0:00:00 |
Noise source recognition of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on order analysis |
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| Lin Fu,Zuo Shuguang,Wu Xudong,Wu Shuanglong and Mao Yu.Noise source recognition of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on order analysis[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(17):69-76. |
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| Authors: | Lin Fu Zuo Shuguang Wu Xudong Wu Shuanglong and Mao Yu |
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| Institution: | Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China,Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China,Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China,Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China and Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The noise source of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) was identified in this paper. Firstly, the noise signal in the acceleration process was tested and the short time Fourier transform (STFT) was used to perform the time-frequency analysis. Main noise characteristics including frequency order and resonance region were obtained. Then, the order feature of rolling bearing was studied and the fractional order noise produced by ball pass frequency was recognized. Based on the Maxwell stress tensor method, the frequency order of radial electromagnetic force acting on the teeth surface was derived. The characteristics of the ideal radial force under sinusoidal current with no rotor eccentricity were derived. The influence of current harmonics on the radial force was discussed. Current in the acceleration process was monitored and STFT was used to analyze the type of current harmonics. It was found current harmonics could be divided into 2 types: 1) current harmonics which were multiples of the fundamental current frequency and 2) current harmonics which were close to the switching frequency. The force order produced by the first type of current harmonics was the same as that in the ideal condition and the second type of current harmonics produced force harmonics around the switching frequency. By introducing the eccentricity correction factor the force harmonic due to rotor dynamic eccentricity was analyzed. It was found that rotor dynamic eccentricity induced extra space and frequency harmonics. Especially, low space harmonic which contributed most to the overall noise level was produced in the eccentricity case. In order to obtain the modal parameters in the resonance region, the finite element (FE) model of stator was established. The material anisotropy of stator core and winding was considered according to the actual structure of stator and modal shape. Modal tests of stator core and stator assembly were conducted to validate the equivalent model of stator core and winding, respectively. The relative errors of modal frequency of the stator core and stator assembly model were all below 5% and satisfied the requirement of engineering error. Furthermore, constraint modal analysis of stator was conducted by applying the actual constraints in the test bench to the equivalent model, and modal parameters of the stator under actual installation conditions were obtained. Finally, with the excitation feature information of rolling bearing and electromagnetic force accounting for current harmonics and rotor dynamic eccentricity, the source of main tested noise order was identified. The modal parameters in the resonance region were also recognized through the modal analysis of stator. It is concluded from the recognition research in this paper that the fractional order noise comes from the ball frequency which mainly depends on the number of balls. In the ideal condition, the frequency order of electromagnetic force is the even multiple of fundamental current frequency. The influence of current harmonics on electromagnetic noise depends on the harmonic type. Current harmonics close to the switching frequency play a more important role than those which are multiples of the fundamental current frequency. The noise order produced by rotor dynamic eccentricity mainly comes from the resonance when the force harmonics due to the eccentricity pass through the modal frequency of stator. The contribution of each source to the overall noise was also analyzed. And it is found that the noise produced by the force due to the interaction of permanent magnet field and armature reaction field from current harmonics contributes the most remarkable part, the noise produced by rotor eccentricity takes the second place and the fractional order noise by rolling bearings comes last. The work in this paper can be used to identify and diagnose the noise source of PMSM and lay the foundation for the vibration and noise reduction further. |
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| Keywords: | permanent magnets synchronous motors rotors eccentricity radial force wave current harmonics noise diagnosis |
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