| 西藏农田土壤有机质研究进展和展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 马瑞萍,韦泽秀,卓玛.西藏农田土壤有机质研究进展和展望[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(11):243-247. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马瑞萍 韦泽秀 卓玛 |
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| 作者单位： | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所,西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所,西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 项目来源“干热河谷扭黄茅对土壤水分胁迫的生理生态响应机制”（41301287）、“气候变化对紫色土容许土壤流失量的影响”(41471232)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 西藏近半个世纪以来，由于农田土壤有机肥使用量急剧减少、耕作管理制度的差异以及农牧民对耕地保养力度的减小导致农田土壤养分退化严重，有76%的耕地有效养分含量缺乏，且肥力因素严重失衡。自20世纪60年代至今已有超过一半的耕地土壤有机质含量降至2.0%，仅1990—2001年间，西藏主要农区农田土壤有机质含量平均下降26.7%~52.0%，农田土壤有机质含量的急剧减少导致耕地土壤肥力持续下降，土壤通透性及保水保肥能力降低。应开展西藏耕地土壤有机质含量的全面普查、对农田土壤有机质转换进行深入研究，并通过增加农田有机肥使用量、种植绿肥等措施增加土壤有机质含量，降低土壤肥力退化速度。
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| 关 键 词： | 顶果木 顶果木 干旱胁迫 耐旱性 生理特性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/12/7 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/3/23 0:00:00 |
Research Progress and Prospects of Soil Organic Matter of Tibet Farmland |
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| Abstract: | Soil and vegetation are always interacting and developing mutually. The knowledge of their mutual interaction mechanism is important to manage soil and vegetation system. To better understand the formation and maintenance of yield and quality in soil-crop system, based on the literatures concerned in relationship between soil and vegetation, taking paddy soil and rice as an example, we analyzed the coordinated characteristics of material composition between paddy soil and rice, from three aspects involved in the effects of soil nutrients on yield, quality and elemental composition of rice, respectively. Soil types and the spatial difference of soil nutrients could make a difference in rice yield. Besides, due to different nutrient, different soil types also had effects on the quality of rice. In the recent decades, some scholars have studied the possibility of using elemental fingerprints for the estimation of rice provenance, although few studies concentrated on the correspondence of elemental composition between rice and original soil directly, they have shown that rice elemental compositions were mainly related to local soil. Therefore, on the one hand, soil types or different nutrient status affected the rice yield and quality; on the other hand, the elemental composition of rice could implicate certain information of soil. This demonstrates that paddy soil and rice in any area has its own characteristics, and is a harmonious system. |
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| Keywords: | soil-crop system rice yield quality elemental fingerprints |
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