| 当代海洋捕捞的发展现状和展望 |
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| 引用本文： | 黄洪亮,冯超,李灵智,饶欣,陈帅,杨嘉樑.当代海洋捕捞的发展现状和展望[J].中国水产科学,2022,29(6):938-949. |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄洪亮 冯超 李灵智 饶欣 陈帅 杨嘉樑 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业农村部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室, 上海 200090 ；中国水产科学研究院海洋捕捞工程技术研究中心, 上海 200090;上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE0111100). |
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| 摘 要： | 海洋捕捞事关国际粮食安全和海洋生态系统健康。得益于科学技术的进步, 当代海洋捕捞发展迅速, 但依然面临着渔业资源衰退、海洋底栖环境破坏、兼捕与抛弃、废弃渔具引起的幽灵捕捞和塑料污染、气候变化、区域发展不平横等系列问题。本文综述了国内外为缓解上述问题在海洋捕捞管理、技术创新、最佳实践探索等方面的工作进展, 并提出了如下发展建议: (1) 应进一步加强生态友好型渔具渔法、高效节能技术、废弃渔具回收利用技术、生物可降解材料等方面的基础和应用研究; (2) 开展减少兼捕、降低底拖网对底栖环境的影响、海洋捕捞高效节能、减少废弃渔具流向海洋等方面最佳实践的探索; (3) 加强激励机制的研究和应用, 加强对废弃渔具回收产业的政策扶持, 完善海洋捕捞管理体系和废弃渔具管理体系建设, 增强治理能力; (4) 加强国家或地区间渔业合作, 分享管理知识, 促进区域间平衡发展。(5) 加强气候变化应对策略的探索研究。立足长远、多措并举, 促进海洋捕捞可持续发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 海洋捕捞 可持续发展 渔业管理体系 生态友好型 废弃渔具 气候变化 最佳实践 |
The development status and prospect of contemporary marine fisheries |
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| HUANG Hongliang,FENG Chao,LI Lingzhi,RAO Xin,CHEN Shuai,YANG Jialiang.The development status and prospect of contemporary marine fisheries[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2022,29(6):938-949. |
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| Authors: | HUANG Hongliang FENG Chao LI Lingzhi RAO Xin CHEN Shuai YANG Jialiang |
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| Abstract: | Marine fisheries are closely related to international food security and the health of marine ecosystems. Due to progress in science and technology, contemporary marine fisheries have developed rapidly but still face a series of problems, such as the decline of fishery resources, the effect of bottom trawling on the seabed, bycatch and discards, ghost fishing and plastic pollution caused by ALDFG (abandoned, lost, discarded fishing gear), climate change, and unbalanced development. This article reviews the progress in the management, technical innovation, and best practices of marine fisheries, which aim to alleviate the above problems. Based on our review, we suggest that stakehoders should: (1) further strengthen basic and applied research into eco-friendly fishing gear and methods, energy efficient technologies, recycling technologies for end-of-life fishing gear, and biodegradable material; (2) identify best practices for energy efficient technology and for reducing by-catch, the impact of bottom trawling on the benthic environment, and the addition of end-of-life fishing gear into the ocean; (3) strengthen exploration and research into incentive mechanisms; increase policy support for the recycling industry for end-of-life fishing gear; improve management systems for marine fisheries and end-of-life fishing gear and enhance governance capacity; (4) strengthen fishery cooperation between countries or regions, share management knowledge and promote balanced development between regions; and (5) strengthen strategic research into adaptation to climate change. Thus, to promote the sustainable development of fisheries, we need to make a long-term plan and adopt all necessary measures. |
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