Circadian rhythm and its role in malignancy |
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| Authors: | Sobia Rana Saqib Mahmood |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan;(2) Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations of multiple biological processes directed by endogenous clocks. The circadian timing
system comprises peripheral oscillators located in most tissues of the body and a central pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic
nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Circadian genes and the proteins produced by these genes constitute the molecular components
of the circadian oscillator which form positive/negative feedback loops and generate circadian rhythms. The circadian regulation
extends beyond clock genes to involve various clock-controlled genes (CCGs) including various cell cycle genes. Aberrant expression
of circadian clock genes could have important consequences on the transactivation of downstream targets that control the cell
cycle and on the ability of cells to undergo apoptosis. This may lead to genomic instability and accelerated cellular proliferation
potentially promoting carcinogenesis. Different lines of evidence in mice and humans suggest that cancer may be a circadian-related
disorder. The genetic or functional disruption of the molecular circadian clock has been found in various cancers including
breast, ovarian, endometrial, prostate and hematological cancers. The acquisition of current data in circadian clock mechanism
may help chronotherapy, which takes into consideration the biological time to improve treatments by devising new therapeutic
approaches for treating circadian-related disorders, especially cancer. |
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