| 有机无机肥配施对夏玉米根系分布及产量形成的调控 |
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| 引用本文： | 黄慧.有机无机肥配施对夏玉米根系分布及产量形成的调控[J].农学学报,2023,13(9):13-17. |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄慧 |
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| 作者单位： | 菏泽市农业科学院，山东菏泽 274000 |
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| 基金项目： | “土壤绿色改良提升与水肥一体技术应用”(2021KJTPY02) |
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| 摘 要： | 研究有机无机肥配施对夏玉米根系空间分布及产量形成的影响，探讨玉米根系对产量形成的作用，以期促进根土互作、加强根系与水肥的耦合性，提高产量及氮素利用效率。以‘郑单958’(ZD958)为试验材料，设置单施无机肥(U)、单施有机肥(M)、有机无机肥配施(U+M)和不施肥作对照(CK)，进行大田试验，研究有机无机肥配施对氮素吸收效率的差异。结果表明：有机无机肥处理增加根系干重、根长密度，尤其增加40~80 cm土层根长密度，使其根系空间分布合理并且深层根系多，深层根系与养分的协调性较好，根系功能期长，既能满足前期养分的需要又能够为玉米后期的生长提供足够的养分，因此有机无机肥配施的总氮素积累量、氮肥偏生产、氮肥农学利用效率均高于其他施肥处理，有利于籽粒的形成、产量的增加。单施有机肥和单施无机肥处理增加表层土壤根系，不利于产量的形成。通过有机无机肥配施在不降低谷物产量且降低环境风险的情况下维持较好的氮素平衡，提高氮素利用效率，可为黄淮海玉米生产提供理论基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 有机无机肥配施 根系 产量 氮素利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-08-02 |
Regulating Summer Maize Root Distribution and Yield by Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer |
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| HUANG,Hui.Regulating Summer Maize Root Distribution and Yield by Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer[J].Journal of Agriculture,2023,13(9):13-17. |
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| Authors: | HUANG Hui |
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| Institution: | Heze Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heze 274000, Shandong, China |
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| Abstract: | The study explored the regulating effect of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on summer maize root distribution and yield, and investigated the effect of maize root system on yield formation, aiming to promote root and soil interaction, enhance root and water-fertilizer coupling, and improve yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency. ‘Zhengdan 958’ was used as the experimental material. There were four treatments: chemical fertilizer treatment (U), organic manure treatment (M), organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer (U+M), and no fertilizer treatment (CK). The difference of N use efficiency under the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer was studied in field experiments. The results showed that U+M increased root dry weight and root length density, especially root length density in 40-80 cm soil layer. It also prompted deep root growth and reasonable root spatial distribution, improved the harmony of deep roots and nutrients, extended the root function period, which could not only meet the nutrient requirement in the early maize growth stage but also provide sufficient nutrient for the later period. So, the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer had higher nitrogen accumulation amount, nitrogen partial productivity, and nitrogen agronomic utilization efficiency compared with other treatments, and it was beneficial to grain formation and yield increase. Chemical fertilizer treatment and organic manure treatment enhanced root growth in topsoil, which was not conducive to yield formation. In short, the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer can maintain N balance and improve N use efficiency on the premise of keeping the yield level and reducing environment risks. The study can provide a theoretical basis for maize production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. |
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| Keywords: | maize combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer root system yield nitrogen use efficiency |
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