| 地形部位与种植年限对红壤果园土壤性状的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑铭洁,余红伟,陈志良,章明奎.地形部位与种植年限对红壤果园土壤性状的影响[J].农学学报,2023,13(7):48-55. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑铭洁 余红伟 陈志良 章明奎 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目“长期全年淹水集约种植对水耕人为土性态演变与物质循环及生态功能的影响”(41977001); 农业农村部种植业管理司2020年果菜茶有机肥替代化肥试点县项目“建德市2020年果菜茶有机肥替代化肥试点县”(农农肥水〔2020〕7号) |
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| 摘 要： | 以浙江省杭州市为例，选择23个具不同种植时间的低丘红壤果园，同时采集坡麓、下坡和中上坡部位的土壤样品，比较分析了地形部位（自然因素）与种植时间（人为因素）对果园土壤物理、化学和生物学性状的影响。结果表明：有效土层厚度主要受自然因素控制，受人为耕作影响较小，其厚度：坡麓>下坡>中上坡；其他土壤性状同时受自然因素和人为耕作的复合影响。土壤CEC、有机碳、有效磷、速效钾和水稳定性团聚体、微生物生物量碳含量均表现为坡麓>下坡>中上坡，土壤容重一般是坡麓<下坡<中上坡；土壤pH一般是坡麓高于下坡和中上坡。随着种植时间的增加，土壤有机碳、有效磷、速效钾、微生物生物量碳呈现增加的趋势，土壤容重和水稳定性团聚体呈先增加后降低，土壤pH呈现连续下降。坡麓与下坡、中上坡之间的土壤性状差异较大，而下坡与中上坡之间的土壤性状差异相对较小。种植时间对土壤性状的影响在坡麓比下坡、中上坡更为明显。多元统计分析表明，土壤肥力指标之间的变化存在协同性，根据变化的相似性大致可归为3组：第1组包括CEC、有机碳、微生物生物量碳、有效磷和速效钾；第2组包括pH、容重和有效钙，第3组包括土体厚度和水稳定性团聚体。研究认为，丘陵果园土壤质量的空间异质性是客观现象，同时受自然因素与人为因素的影响，因此，在采取管理措施上需要考虑坡位与种植时间的差异。
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| 关 键 词： | 地形部位 种植时间 果园 土壤性状 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-05 |
Effects of Topographic Positions and Plantation Time on Soil Properties of Hilly Red Soil Orchards |
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| ZHENG Mingjie,YU Hongwei,CHEN Zhiliang,ZHANG Mingkui.Effects of Topographic Positions and Plantation Time on Soil Properties of Hilly Red Soil Orchards[J].Journal of Agriculture,2023,13(7):48-55. |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Mingjie YU Hongwei CHEN Zhiliang ZHANG Mingkui |
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| Abstract: | Taking Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province as an example, 23 low hilly red soil orchards with different plantation time were selected, and the soil samples at the piedmont, the downhill and the middle and upper slope were collected. The effects of topographic positions (natural factor) and plantation time (human factor) on soil physical, chemical and biological properties of the orchards were evaluated and analyzed. The results showed that the thickness of effective soil layer was mainly controlled by natural factors and less affected by cultivation. The thickness decreased in a sequence of piedmont > downhill > middle and upper slope. Other soil properties were affected by both natural factors and artificial farming. Soil CEC, and the content of soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium, water stable aggregates and microbial biomass carbon decreased in the order of piedmont > downhill > middle and upper slope, and the soil bulk density increased generally in the order of piedmont < downhill < middle and upper slope. Soil pH was generally higher at the piedmont than that at the downhill and middle and upper slopes. With the increase of the plantation time, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, available potassium and microbial biomass carbon increased, soil bulk density and water stable aggregates increased first and then decreased, and soil pH decreased continuously. There were great differences in soil properties between the piedmont, the downhill and the middle and upper slope, while the differences in soil properties between the downhill and the middle and upper slope were relatively small. The effect of plantation time on soil properties was more obvious at the piedmont than that at the downhill and the middle and upper slope. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that there was synergy among the changes of soil fertility indexes, and the similarity of the changes could be roughly divided into three groups: group 1 included CEC, organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, available phosphorus and available potassium, group 2 included pH, bulk density and available calcium, and group 3 included soil thickness and water stable aggregates. The research indicates that the spatial heterogeneity of soil quality in hilly orchards is an objective phenomenon, which is affected by natural and human factors. Therefore, the difference of slope positions and plantation time should be considered in taking management measures. |
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| Keywords: | topographic position planting time orchard soil properties |
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