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| 不同种植密度下的棉田小气候特点 | |
| 引用本文： | 娄善伟,饶翠婷,赵强,王宏伟,郭仁松,高云光,张巨松.不同种植密度下的棉田小气候特点[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(2):255-260,270. |
| 作者姓名： | 娄善伟 饶翠婷 赵强 王宏伟 郭仁松 高云光 张巨松 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 新疆农业大学,乌鲁木齐830052;国家棉花工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091 2. 阿克苏农业技术推广中心,阿克苏,843000 3. 新疆农业大学,乌鲁木齐,830052 |
| 基金项目： | 国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目(2006BADB02-1); 自治区科技攻关重大专项(200731133-1); 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(Nyhyzx07-005) |
| 摘 要： | 为研究种植密度对田间小气候的影响,2008年在南疆阿克苏试验点,通过大田试验对不同种植密度下(9.0、13.5、18、22.5、27.0万株/hm2)棉田群体冠层不同层次的温度、空气相对湿度、土壤水分等要素进行了测定。结果表明:在所设置的密度范围内,棉花的株高在55～75cm,并且随密度增加株高降低;而茎粗、株宽、叶宽、果枝数等也有类似趋势。花期和吐絮期,棉花宽窄行的冠层空气温度均较高,最高均超过了31℃,并随当日时间先升后降,窄行温度高于宽行,冠层40cm处高于20cm处。相对湿度符合开口向上抛物线模型,花期较高且变化较小,中午时段最低只有40%,比见絮期高10个百分点以上;各处理以中间密度的相对湿度最为稳定,变化最小。土壤水分方面,密度小的处理地表蒸发严重,密度大的叶片蒸腾较多,因此,密度适中的处理土壤水分保持较好,变化范围较小。土壤15cm处地温,前期密度大的处理地温较高,中期受叶片遮荫影响而下降,但后期高密度处理温度又会升高,不过处理间差异不大,最高相差不过1℃。 |
| 关 键 词： | 小气候 种植密度 相对湿度 冠层温度 土壤水分 地温 |
Micro-climate Characteristics of Cotton Field under Different Plant Density |
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| LOU Shan-wei,RAO Cui-ting,ZHAO Qiang,WANG Hong-wei,GUO Ren-song,GAO Yun-guang,ZHANG Ju-song.Micro-climate Characteristics of Cotton Field under Different Plant Density[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2010,31(2):255-260,270. | |
| Authors: | LOU Shan-wei RAO Cui-ting ZHAO Qiang WANG Hong-wei GUO Ren-song GAO Yun-guang ZHANG Ju-song |
| Institution: | 1.Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;2.The National Engineering Research Center of Cotton,Urumqi 830091;3. Aksu Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Aksu 843000) |
| Abstract: | In order to study the effect of density on micro-climate in the cotton field,temperature,air humidity,soil moisture of different canopy structure with different density （9.0×10^4,13.5×10^4,18×10^4,22.5×10^4,27.0×10^4 plant/ha） were assessed through field trial in Akesu region in 2008. The results showed that the height of cotton plant was between 55-75cm with the designed density,and the height,stem diameter,boll-bearing branch decreased with the rise of density. During the flowering and cotton-blowing period,the cotton canopy air temperature was higher over in the other periods（the highest was more than 31℃）. The diurnal temperature increased first and reduced later. The temperature in the narrow row was higher than the wider line,and the temperature was higher in height of 40cm than in the height of 20cm in the canopy. Relative humidity was in line with the upward opening parabola model,high in the flowering stage with small change and lowest at noon,which was only 40% or so and 10% higher than in the cotton wool period. The relative humidity under middle density was steady. In terms of the soil moisture,surface evaporation was serious under small density,and the transpiration from leaf was heavy with oversized density. Therefore,with moderate density treatment,soil moisture could be maintained at a good and steady condition. The soil temperature under dense canopy treatment was higher at the depth of 15cm in the early stage and then getting low due to the shadow of leaves and rising again in the later stage. However,the difference （less than 1℃） was not obvious among these treatments. |
| Keywords: | Micro-climate Density Relative humidity Temperature of canopy structure Soil moisture Soil temperature |
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