Biochemical and molecular differences in diploid and triploid ocean-type chinook salmon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</Emphasis>) smolts |
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| Authors: | J Mark Shrimpton Aurora M C Sentlinger John W Heath Robert H Devlin Daniel D Heath |
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| Institution: | (1) Ecosystem Science & Management Program (Biology), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada, V2N 4Z9;(2) Yellow Island Aquaculture Ltd, Campbell River, BC, Canada, V9W 6K9;(3) Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, Canada, V7V 1N6;(4) Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada, N9B 3P4 |
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| Abstract: | There is increasing evidence for complex dosage effects on gene expression, enzyme activity and phenotype resulting from induced
ploidy change. In this study, ocean-type chinook salmon were bred using a 2 × 2 factorial mating design to create four families
and test whether triploidization resulted in changes in growth performance and smolting. Eggs were pressure shocked after
fertilization to create triploid fish from a subset of each family. In June, fish were sampled for size, plasma insulin-like
growth factor 1 (IGF-1), gill Na+–K+-ATPase activity, and expression of two Na+–K+-ATPase α subunits in the gill. Diploids were significantly heavier than triploids, and there were significant differences
due to family. Despite a significant positive correlation between plasma IGF-1 and fish size, plasma IGF-1 did not differ
between diploid and triploid smolts. Diploids also had significantly greater gill Na+–K+-ATPase enzyme activities than triploids and there was a strong family effect. Gill Na+–K+-ATPase α1b isoform expression differed significantly by family, but not ploidy, and generally families with lower Na+–K+-ATPase enzyme activity had higher α1b isoform gene expression. Na+–K+-ATPase α1a isoform expression did not differ among any of the groups. Although diploids were larger and had higher specific
activities of Na+–K+-ATPase in the gills, there was no difference in gene expression or circulating hormone levels. The strong family effect,
however, suggests that strain selection may be useful in improving performance of triploids for aquaculture. |
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| Keywords: | Ploidy Enzyme activity Gene expression Gill IGF-1 Na+– K+-ATPase Salmonid |
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