| 果园生境对金纹细蛾寄生蜂发生影响及优势寄生蜂空间分布研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张金钰,李鑫,吴素蓉,李蓉.果园生境对金纹细蛾寄生蜂发生影响及优势寄生蜂空间分布研究[J].中国生物防治,2012,28(3):326-333. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张金钰 李鑫 吴素蓉 李蓉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西北农林科技大学植物保护学院／应用昆虫学重点实验室,杨凌712100 庆元县农业局,庆元323800
2. 西北农林科技大学植物保护学院／应用昆虫学重点实验室,杨凌,712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 陕西省农业攻关项目（2008K01-04）; 世界银行资助项目（Y/SHYL/XY/050） |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究苹果园金纹细蛾Lithocolletis ringoniella寄生蜂的空间分布动态以及生境对寄生蜂发生量的影响,在陕西洛川和杨凌果区选择样地果园,以5点取样法调查统计金纹细蛾寄生蜂种类数量。结果显示,在不同生境的果园,金纹细蛾的危害率在弃管园最重,达21.13%,覆膜套种幼园最轻4.76%;嘎啦品种受害最大,达10.01%,红星最轻1.56%。金纹细蛾的寄生蜂有5种,分别是瘤羽角姬小蜂Sympiesis soriceicornis、茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂Glyptapanteles theivorae、褐足光盾跳小蜂Ageniaspis testacesipes、光额羽角姬小蜂Sympiesislaevifrons、什毛姬小蜂Pnigalio sp.,其中,瘤羽角姬小蜂在无草老园寄生数量最多,达到37.44头.500片1虫疤叶,覆膜套种幼园寄生最少;茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂在弃管园寄生最多,达到256.82头.500片1虫疤叶,在套种幼园寄生最少;跳小蜂数量在杂草老园果园寄生最多,达到22.23头.500片1虫疤叶;3种蜂均在嘎啦品种上寄生最多。金纹细蛾幼虫、瘤羽角姬小蜂、茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂、跳小蜂在树冠空间分布型整体均趋向于聚集分布,金纹细蛾幼虫、瘤羽角姬小蜂和跳小蜂偏向于树冠内侧和下层,瘤羽角姬小蜂为北侧最多,跳小蜂为北侧最少,茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂在各个方位分布比较均衡。据此可知,果园生境对金纹细蛾及其寄生蜂的发生有密切的影响,精细的管理果园是减轻金纹细蛾的有效途径。在时空动态上,金纹细蛾优势寄生蜂中茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂又显得跟随性以及数量均高于瘤羽角姬小蜂和跳小蜂,茶细蛾雕绒茧蜂可以作为金纹细蛾生物防治的首选寄生蜂。
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| 关 键 词： | 金纹细蛾 寄生蜂 果园生境 空间分布 |
Influence of Habitats on Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Parasitoids of Lithocolletis ringoniella in Apple Orchard |
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| ZHANG Jinyu,＇,LI Xln,WU Surong,LI Rong.Influence of Habitats on Occurrence and Spatial Distribution of Parasitoids of Lithocolletis ringoniella in Apple Orchard[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2012,28(3):326-333. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Jinyu ＇ LI Xln WU Surong LI Rong |
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| Institution: | 1＇2 (1. Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture ＆ Forestry University, Yangling 712100; 2. Qingyuan County Agricultural Bureau, Qingyuan 323800, China) |
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| Abstract: | Influence of orchard habitats on occurrence and spatial distribution of parasitoids of Lithocolletis ringoniella in apple orchard were investigated. Five point sampling method was employed to investigate the species and population size of parasitoids in apple orchards in Yangling and Luochuan, Shaanxi, China. Our results showed that damage by L. ringoniella was the highest （21.13%） in old and not-managed orchard, and was the lowest in young orchard with velar interplanting crop. Damage by L. ringoniella differed on different varieties of apple, being the highest （10.0%） on Gala and the lowest on Hongxin. Five species of parasitoids （Sympiesis soriceicornis, Apanteles theivorae, Ageniaspis testacesipes, Sympiesis laevifrons, Pnigalio sp.） were identified. Population ofS. soriceicornis in old and not-managed orchard was the biggest （37.44 per 500 leaves）, and in young orchard with velar interplanting crop, the lowest. Population ofA. theivorae in old and not-managed orchard was the largest （256.82 per 500 leaves）, and in young orchard with interplanfing crop, the smallest. Population of A. testacesipes in old orchard with weeds was the largest （22.23 per 500 leaves）. Parasitism rate by the three parasitoids was the largest on the Gala apple variety. Distribution pattern ofL. ringoniella larvae, S. soriceicornis, A. theivorae, and A. testacesipes was all clumped. L. ringoniella larvae, S. soriceicornis, A. testacesipes prefer the inside and lower part of canopy, but most of the larvae of L. ringoniella were found in north and east, most S. soriceicornis in north, rarely A. testacesipes in north, and A. theivorae evenly distributed in different direction. The results show that different habitats favor distribution of different parasitoids and that there is a conflict between parasitoid preservation and orchard management. Careful management is an effective way to control L. ringoniella. In view of temporal and spatial dynamics, A. theivorae is better than S. soriceicornis or A. testacesipes, and may the promising biocontrol agent for L. ringoniella. |
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| Keywords: | Lithocolletis ringoniella parasitoid habitat spatial distribution |
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