| 松嫩典型黑土区耕地切沟密度分布特征及影响因子 |
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| 引用本文： | 李坤衡,张岩,陈昶,张俊彬,梁彦荣,王佳希.松嫩典型黑土区耕地切沟密度分布特征及影响因子[J].农业工程学报,2023,39(6):130-138. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李坤衡 张岩 陈昶 张俊彬 梁彦荣 王佳希 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题"侵蚀沟的空间分布及其对复合侵蚀营力的响应机制"（2021YFD1500701-04） |
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| 摘 要： | 东北黑土区是中国重要的商品粮生产基地,该地区耕地切沟侵蚀严重威胁农业生产及生态环境。为掌握松嫩典型黑土区耕地切沟密度分布特征及影响因子,基于全国第一次水利普查的998块抽样调查单元和1∶10000地形图,以及2018年Google高分遥感影像目视解译提取调查单元内所有切沟,采用地理探测器分析切沟密度空间分布的影响因子,分析松嫩典型黑土区耕地切沟密度的空间分布规律。结果表明：1)35.64%的耕地调查单元有切沟发育,切沟线密度变化在0.18～17.48 km/km2,面密度变化在425.95～91 921.34 m2/km2。2)地形和降水显著(P<0.05)影响松嫩典型黑土区耕地切沟密度,坡度是影响耕地切沟密度空间分布最重要的环境因子。3)依据切沟线密度划分,松嫩典型黑土区东部的黑土带耕地切沟侵蚀严重,轻度侵蚀以上面积占比35.87%,强烈侵蚀以上(切沟线密度≥2 km/km2)面积占比33.33%,剧烈侵蚀面积占比27.94%。黑钙土带有6.65%的面积遭受剧烈切沟侵蚀,星落分布于黑钙土带的边缘。系统抽样与高分辨...
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| 关 键 词： | 黑土 切沟 遥感 抽样调查 地理探测器 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/1/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/3/12 0:00:00 |
Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of gully density on cropland in the Songnen typical black soil region |
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| LI Kunheng,ZHANG Yan,CHEN Chang,ZHANG Junbin,LIANG Yanrong,WANG Jiaxi.Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of gully density on cropland in the Songnen typical black soil region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2023,39(6):130-138. |
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| Authors: | LI Kunheng ZHANG Yan CHEN Chang ZHANG Junbin LIANG Yanrong WANG Jiaxi |
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| Institution: | College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Black soil region in the Northeast can be one of the most important bases for commercial grain production in China. However, the ever-increasing gully erosion has been a serious threat to agricultural development and ecological environment. It is still unclear on the spatial variation of gully density across this region. In this study, 998 sampling units ranging from 0.17-3.3 km2 were selected to investigate the density of classical gully on the cropland and the influencing factors in the Songneng black soil region, including Phaezoems areas of 10.1×104 km2 and Chernozems area of 11.1×104 km2. The systematic sampling method was also employed in the national soil erosion survey in 2011. Gullies in each sampling unit were extracted by manual visual interpretation using Google images with a resolution of 0.41m. 11 influence factors were determined in the spatial variation of gully density using Geodetector, including two climatic, three topographical, five pedological, and one hydrological factor. The results were as follows. 1) 738 units dominated by cropland were selected to investigate the gully spatial variation among the 998 sampling units. Gully was found in 35.64% of the 738 sampling units on the cropland with gullies in 79 units, in which the gully density cannot be interpreted exactly. Gully density was then analyzed using the other 659 units. 1 229 gullies were found in 184 sampling units. The average gully linear density was 3.91 km/km2 varying from 0.18 to 17.48 km/km2, while, the average gully areal density was 16 484.93 m2/km2 varying from 425.95 to 91 921.34 m2/km2. Most gullies were long and thin size with the average gully length and width of 516.93 and 3.83m, respectively. 2) In the gully linear and areal density using Geodetector, the slope gradient was the most important environmental factor, followed by annual average precipitation, altitude, and aspect, which were all statistically significant at the level of 0.05. Concerning the interaction of factors, the joint effect of slope and soil bulk density posed the greatest explanatory power on the spatial distribution of gully linear density on the cropland, whereas, the joint effect of slope and field capacity shared the greatest explanatory power on the spatial distribution of gully areal density on cropland. In general, the gully density on the cropland in Songnen typical black soil region was dependent mainly on the topography and precipitation. 3) In gully linear density, serious gully erosion was mainly distributed in the Phaezoems area, with the area above severe intensity (gully linear density>2 km/km2) accounting for 33.33%, and the area of extremely severe intensity (gully linear density>4 km/km2) accounting for 27.94%. Sampling units with high gully density were distributed almost evenly across the Phaezoems area, and then interspersed with the sampling units of low gully densities. This distribution was attributed to the landform of the low hills with varying slope gradients and long slope lengths. Less than 10% of the Chernozems area suffered gully erosion, while the units of extremely severe intensity were accounted for 6.65%, and mainly located near the border of the Chernozems area. The reliable performance was achieved in the systematic sampling combined with high-resolution remote sensing. An efficient reference can be offered to assess the spatial variation of gully density in the croplands of Songnen typical black soil regions. The finding can be expected to require more effective measures for gully prevention and control, in order to protect the valuable black soil in northeast China. |
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| Keywords: | black soil gully remote sensing sampling Geodetector |
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