麦季农田流失养分植物拦截技术体系研究 |
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作者姓名: | 刘红江 郑建初 孙国峰 盛婧 张岳芳 郭智 周炜 陈留根 |
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作者单位: | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,南京 210014 |
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基金项目: | 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301201);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(17)2024-4];江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)项目(BE2019377) |
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摘 要: | 本研究在农田排水沟渠末端增设农田生态塘,对麦季农田流失水体进行贮留,并通过在生态塘配置养分拦截植物进行养分富集研究,旨在为减轻我国农业面源污染提供技术支撑。小麦季农田设置农民习惯施肥(NN)和优化施肥(EN) 2个施肥水平;生态塘种植水芹菜和黑麦草2种拦截植物。结果表明:试验年度麦季农田共发生8次地表径流,麦季农田总地表径流水量为1 119.0 m3·hm-2。NN处理农田地表径流水体总N、总P、总K流失量分别为4.5、0.5、4.0 kg·hm-2,采用优化施肥能够减少农田地表径流养分流失量,EN处理总N、总P、总K流失量分别为3.9、0.4、3.8 kg·hm-2。本研究灌排单元农田面积为5.2 hm2,小麦季其农田地表径流水体总N、总P、总K流失量分别为23.3、2.4、20.8 kg,生态塘中水芹菜和黑麦草拦截农田N、P、K流失量分别为18.0、1.9、22.0 kg,植物养分拦截量占本灌排单元农田地表径流水体养分流失的77.3%、79.2%、105.8%。经折算,生态塘与农田的面积比例以1∶43~50为宜。研究表明,在太湖地区小麦田排水沟渠末端设置生态塘,并配置水芹菜和黑麦草2种养分富集植物,可拦截麦田地表径流氮磷养分超75%,有效减轻农业面源污染。
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关 键 词: | 麦季 流失养分 生态塘 植物拦截 优化施肥 径流 氮 磷 钾 |
收稿时间: | 2020/8/12 0:00:00 |
Investigating the plant interception technology system on wheat-season farmland nutrient loss |
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Authors: | LIU Hong-jiang ZHENG Jian-chu SUN Guo-feng SHENG Jing ZHANG Yue-fang GUO Zhi ZHOU Wei CHEN Liu-gen |
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Institution: | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China |
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Abstract: | An ecological pond was built to collect lost nutrients from the wheat-season farm outfall, and vegetables were planted in the pond to explore a new strategy for reducing agricultural production pollution and improving environmental safety. During the wheat season, overland runoff occurred eight times; The total farmland overland runoff was 1 119.0 m3·hm-2, and the irrigation-drainage cell area was 5.2 hm2. Two fertilizer practices were also investigated:the farmers'' fertilizer practice(NN) and an optimized fertilizer practice(EN). Overland runoff losses on NN farmland were 4.5(Total nitrogen, TN), 0.5(Total phosphorus, TP), and 4.0(Total potassium, TK) kg·hm-2. Overland runoff losses decreased on EN farmland; with 3.9(TN), 0.4(TP), and 3.8(TK) kg·hm-2, respectively. The total overland runoff losses were 23.3(TN), 2.4(TP), and 20.8(TK) kg. Celery and ryegrass in the ecological pond intercepted the N, P, and K farmland nutrient losses (18.0, 1.9, and 22.0 kg, respectively), accounting for 77.3%(N), 79.2%(P), and 105.8%(K) of the irrigation-drainage cell inflow. The scaled ecological pond to farm proportion was 1:43~50. |
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Keywords: | wheat season nutrient loss ecological pond biology hold up optimized fertilizer practice runoff nitrogen phosphorus potassium |
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