| 高氮低磷中钾配比对武夷岩茶产量及品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王瑜,刘扬,卓座品,薛俊鹏,许锐能,孙丽莉,廖红.高氮低磷中钾配比对武夷岩茶产量及品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(2):391-400. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王瑜 刘扬 卓座品 薛俊鹏 许锐能 孙丽莉 廖红 |
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| 作者单位： | 福建农林大学生命科学学院根系生物学研究中心, 福州 350002 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业农村部茶树根系养分高效改良;应用创新团队项目;福建农林大学茶产业链科技创新与服务体系建设项目;福建省自然科学基金面上项目;国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】通过分析肥料中氮基础上降低磷钾配比对武夷岩茶产量及品质的影响，为岩茶的优质、健康生产优化养分配比提供科学依据。【方法】试验于武夷山进行，供试品种为水仙。设置3种肥料配比处理（N-P2O5-K2O）: 15-15-15 （农民用肥，对照CK）、18-8-18 （降磷，T1处理）和21-8-11 （降磷降钾，T2处理），统计相关产量指标，定量测定5项常规品质指标及3种主要次生代谢物浓度，并对茶叶滋味和香气物质进行非靶向代谢组学分析。【结果】不同配比施肥影响标准叶比率（茶叶有效产量），其中T2处理不仅能显著提高标准叶比率（P<0.05，下同），分别为CK和T1处理的1.35和1.40倍，还能显著增加茶青游离氨基酸的浓度，改善茶青品质。以施肥处理作为限制条件，对非靶向代谢物进行限制性主坐标轴分析发现，肥料配比对茶青代谢物总变异的贡献显著（P=0.001），不同配比施肥可分别解释滋味和香气代谢物总变异的23.30%和22.00%。液相分析结果表明，T2处理可显著提高黄酮类物质风信子质（Hyacinthin）、醚类化合物索拉非尼（Sorafenib）及茶氨酸等代谢物的浓度；气相结果表明，T2处理可明显提高香气代谢物的浓度，包括奶油香物质2，3-Octanedione等。表明T2处理主要通过提高滋味与香气代谢物浓度（尤其香气代谢物）以改善茶青品质。【结论】在以氮为基础比例上适当降低磷和钾的占比，不仅能显著提高武夷岩茶的有效产量，且滋味和香气代谢物浓度也显著增加，进而在一定程度上改善了茶青品质。
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| 关 键 词： | 氮磷钾配比 标准叶比率 品质 滋味 香气 武夷岩茶 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-26 |
Effects of high nitrogen and low phosphorus medium potassium ratios on the yield and quality of Wuyi Rock tea |
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| WANG Yu,LIU Yang,ZHUO Zuo-pin,XUE Jun-peng,XU Rui-neng,SUN Li-li,LIAO Hong.Effects of high nitrogen and low phosphorus medium potassium ratios on the yield and quality of Wuyi Rock tea[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(2):391-400. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yu LIU Yang ZHUO Zuo-pin XUE Jun-peng XU Rui-neng SUN Li-li LIAO Hong |
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| Institution: | Root Biology Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To investigate the effects of reducing the ratio of phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) based on nitrogen (N) in fertilizers on the yield and quality of Wuyi tea, so as to provide a theoretical basis for producing high quality rock tea and fertilization of better nutrient ratios.【Method】In this study,the experimental garden located in Wuyishan City,and tea cultivar was Shuixian. Three different ratios of NPK(N-P2O5-K2O) fertilizers 15-15-15(CK),18-8-18(T1, treatment was reduced the ratio of P) and 21-8-11(T2,treatment was reduced the ratio of P and K) were used. The bud density,the weight of hundred buds and the percentage of standard tea leaves were measured in spring. Five conventional quality indicators including the contents of water extract,soluble sugars,tea polyphenols,free amino acids and flavonoids were determined. The concentrations of three major secondary metabolites such as theanine,caffeine and ECG(epicatechin gallate) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The flavor and aroma associated substances were analyzed through Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometer and gas chromatography mass spectrometer,respectively.【Result】The results showed that the different ratios of fertilizer significantly influenced the percentage of standard tea leaves,but had little effects on the bud density and the weight of hundred buds. T2 either significantly increased the percentage of standard tea leaves(P<0.05, the same below),which were about 1.35 and 1.40 times of CK and T1,respectively,or greatly increased the contents of free amino acids and water extracts in tea,and thus improving the quality of fresh tea leaves. Constrained principal coordinate analysis (CPCoA) of untargeted metabolomics,with fertilization treatments as restrictive condition,showed that the flavor and aroma associated metabolites were significantly influenced by the ratios of N,P,K,whose contributions were about 23.30% and 22.00%,respectively. The liquid phase analysis exhibited that T2 significantly increased the concentrations of the flavonoid compound Hyacinthin,the ether compound Sorafenib,and the main secondary metabolites theanine and caffeine. The gas chromatographic analysis showed that T2 increased the concentrations of aroma related metabolites obviously,including creamy aroma substance 2,3-Octanedione. The results above revealed that T2 could increase the concentration of flavor and aroma metabolites,and thus improving the tea quality,especially aroma.【Conclusion】Optimal fertilizers ratio of N,P,K, namely high N,low P and moderate K,effectively increases yield and improve the quality of Wuyi tea,especially flavor and aroma quality. |
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