Nuclear DNA content and in vitro induced somatic polyploidization cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) breeding |
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| Authors: | F Awoleye M van Duren J Dolezel F J Novak |
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| Institution: | (1) Faculty of Agriculture, Crop Production Department, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria;(2) Plant Breeding Unit, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme, International Atomic Energy Agency's Laboratories at Seibersdorf, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria;(3) Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Sokolovska 6, 772 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Summary The diploid (2C) amount of DNA in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is 1.67 picograms (pg) per cell nucleus. This value corresponds to 772 mega-base pairs in the haploid genome. The size of the nuclear genome in cassava is very small in comparison with other Angiosperms. Flow cytometry techniques were used to screen ploidy levels in a large population of in vitro plantlets treated with colchicine and oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N-dipropylsulphate). Culture of axillary node cuttings for 48 hours in liquid medium supplemented with 2.5 to 5.0 mM colchicine in combination with 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) resulted in a high frequency (23 to 42%) of non-chimeric tetraploids in the V3 generation. Although mixoploidy may persist in as many as four cycles of vegetative propagation of node cuttings, solid (non-chimeric) tetraploids can be identified by flow cytometry among in vitro plantlets and then rapidly propagated for field testing. A somatic polyploidization system is proposed for implementation in cassava breeding programmes.Dedicated to the memory of the late Dr. Novak. Correspondence to M. van Duren |
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| Keywords: | flow cytometry tetraploidy mixoploidy cassava breeding in vitro colchicination oryzalin |
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