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Six years of habitat modification in a tropical rainforest margin of Indonesia do not affect bird diversity but endemic forest species |
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| Authors: | Bea Maas Dadang Dwi Putra Matthias Waltert Yann Clough Teja Tscharntke Christian H Schulze |
| Institution: | a Department of Population Ecology, Faculty Center of Biodiversity, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria b Celebes Bird Club, c/o Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Zoologi, Puslitbang Biologi - LIPI, Jl. Raya Bogor Jakarta Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia c Centre for Nature Conservation (Department I), University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Strasse 2, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany d Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 26, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany |
| Abstract: | Studies on temporal changes of tropical bird communities in response to habitat modification are rare. We quantified changes in bird assemblages at the rainforest margin of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, over an interval of 6 years. Standardized bird counts were conducted in the years 2001/2002 and 2008 at 15 census points representing natural forest, secondary forest, agroforest and openland sites. Although overall species richness remained nearly identical, different species groups were affected unequally by habitat modification within the forest margin landscape. The mostly endemic forest species declined in abundance (72.0% of forest species) and were detected at fewer census points in 2008 (56.0%). In contrast, 81.8% of the solely widespread openland birds became more abundant and 63.6% of the species were recorded at a larger number of census points. Hence, recent human activities in the forest margin ecotone negatively affected species of high conservation value. Species richness turned out to be a poor indicator of habitat change, and our results underline the importance of considering species identities. Biotic homogenization as result of habitat conversion is a global phenomenon. In our study, the winners were widespread openland species, while the losers were endemic forest birds. In conclusion, our study shows that 6 years of land-use change had negative impacts on bird community structure and endangered species, but not on overall bird species richness. |
| Keywords: | Biotic homogenization Sulawesi Deforestation Land-use change Temporal dynamics |
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