| 不同原料生物质炭对重金属污染土壤微生物活性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 邵佳,周文晶,宋瑶,潘洋,秦华,陈俊辉.不同原料生物质炭对重金属污染土壤微生物活性的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2022,39(3):644-652. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邵佳 周文晶 宋瑶 潘洋 秦华 陈俊辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.安徽省交通航务工程有限公司，安徽 合肥 2300112.浙江农林大学 环境与资源学院，浙江 杭州 311300 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41977083)；浙江省属高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2020YQ004)；浙江农林大学学生科研训练项目(2020KX0049) |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 探究不同原料制备的生物质炭能否缓解长期重金属污染对土壤微生物活性的胁迫效应，为污染土壤生物质炭修复提供科学依据。 方法 将竹材边角料(BB)、山核桃Carya cathayensis蒲壳(PB)和玉米Zea mays秸秆(CB)制备的3种生物质炭分别以3%比例(炭土质量比)添加到长期受铅、镉污染土壤中，分析生物质炭短期施用下土壤养分、重金属有效质量分数和土壤微生物活性的变化特征。 结果 3种生物质炭添加均未影响土壤重金属全量，而显著(P＜0.05)降低了土壤氯化钙可提取态铅、镉质量分数。与不施生物质炭处理相比，BB、PB和CB分别使可提取态铅质量分数显著(P＜0.05)降低了69%、84%和72%；使可提取态镉质量分数显著(P＜0.05)降低了26%、63%和36%，且PB处理显著(P＜0.05)低于BB和CB处理。PB和CB添加均显著(P＜0.05)提高了土壤pH(0.79和0.51个pH单位)、有机碳质量分数(37%和74%)、全氮质量分数(12%和41%)，而BB添加对其影响不显著。BB、PB和CB分别使土壤磷脂脂肪酸总量提高了33%~56%、革兰氏阳性菌提高了30%~41%、革兰氏阴性菌提高了40%~66%、放线菌提高了34%~52%、真菌提高了33%~79%，但3种处理间无显著差异(除PB和CB处理的磷脂脂肪酸总量显著高于BB处理)。3种生物质炭均显著(P＜0.05)提高了脱氢酶活性(2~6倍)，但未影响土壤基础呼吸速率，而PB处理显著(P＜0.05)降低了细菌胁迫指数(13.9%)，提高了底物诱导呼吸速率。 结论 山核桃蒲壳制备的生物质炭可作为较好的改良剂，降低土壤铅镉有效性，恢复土壤微生物的数量和活性。图4表3参29
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| 关 键 词： | 重金属胁迫 磷脂脂肪酸 微生物丰度 土壤呼吸 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-06-19 |
Effects of biochar from different raw materials on microbial activity in heavy metal contaminated soil |
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| SHAO Jia,ZHOU Wenjing,SONG Yao,PAN Yang,QIN Hua,CHEN Junhui.Effects of biochar from different raw materials on microbial activity in heavy metal contaminated soil[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2022,39(3):644-652. |
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| Authors: | SHAO Jia ZHOU Wenjing SONG Yao PAN Yang QIN Hua CHEN Junhui |
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| Institution: | 1.Anhui Traffic Harbor Engineering Co., Ltd, Hefei 230011, Anhui, China2.College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective This study aims to investigate whether biochar prepared from different raw materials can alleviate the stress effect of long-term heavy metal pollution on soil microbial activity, so as to provide scientific basis for biochar remediation of contaminated soil. Method Three kinds of biochar prepared from bamboo leftover (BB), Carya cathayensis peels (PB) and Zea mays straw (CB) were added to the long-term lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil at a ratio of 3% (biochar soil mass ratio) respectively. The changes of soil nutrients, available mass fraction of heavy metals, soil microbial activity under short-term application of biochar were analyzed. Result The addition of three kinds of biochar did not affect the total amount of heavy metals in soil, but significantly (P＜0.05) reduced the mass fraction of extractable Pb and Cd in soil calcium chloride (CaCl2). Compared with ck, BB, PB and CB significantly (P＜0.05) decreased CaCl2-extractable Pb concentration by 69%, 84% and 72%, and CaCl2-extractable Cd by 26%, 63% and 36%, respectively. PB treatment was significantly (P＜0.05) lower than BB and CB treatments. PB and CB significantly increased soil pH (0.79 and 0.51 pH units), soil organic carbon (37% and 74%) and total nitrogen (12% and 41%), respectively, but BB addition had no significant effect. BB, PB and CB significantly (P＜0.05) increased the total amount of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in soil by 33%?56%, gram-positive bacteria by 30%?41%, gram-negative bacteria by 40%?66%, actinobacteria by 34%?52% and fungi by 33%?79%, respectively, but there was no significant difference among the three treatments (except that the total amount of phospholipid fatty acids in PB and CB treatment was significantly higher than that in BB treatment). The three biochar treatments significantly increased the activity of dehydrogenase (2?6 times), but did not affect the soil basal respiration, while PB treatment significantly (P＜ 0.05) decreased the bacterial stress index (13.9%) and increased the substrate induced respiration rate. Conclusion PB and CB can be used as a better modifier to decrease heavy metal availability and restore the number and activity of soil microorganisms. Ch, 4 fig. 3 tab. 29 ref.] |
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