| 小兴安岭主要森林类型对降雪、积雪和融雪过程的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘海亮,蔡体久,满秀玲,柴汝杉,郎燕.小兴安岭主要森林类型对降雪、积雪和融雪过程的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(2):20-25. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘海亮 蔡体久 满秀玲 柴汝杉 郎燕 |
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| 作者单位： | 东北林业大学林学院;东北林业大学林学院;东北林业大学林学院;东北林业大学林学院;东北林业大学林学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(30870420) |
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| 摘 要： | 选择小兴安岭林区5种主要森林类型，对其降雪、积雪和融雪等雪水文过程进行系统研究。结果表明:1）森林对降雪的截留作用主要受郁闭度和树种组成的影响，云冷杉红松林对降雪的截留作用最大，降雪截留率为39.7%，约为次生白桦林的5倍，人工落叶松的25倍。2）不同森林类型之间的截雪量大小与降雪强度有关，且在同一种森林类型的不同降雪强度中，其截留率差异也不同。3）云冷杉红松林内积雪厚度最小，3月中旬达最大值32 cm，较次生白桦林和落叶松人工林内的积雪厚度减少了约12 cm。4）不同林型内积雪融化速度有较大差异，各红松林内积雪厚度从4月中旬后平均每天减少约0.5 cm，而次生白桦林和落叶松人工林内积雪厚度平均每天减少约1.3 cm，融雪速率相对较快，易产生融雪性洪峰。因此，在东北地区实行栽针保阔，逐步改造天然次生林，使之过渡到针阔混交林，能有效地延长林内融雪时间，从而发挥森林融雪的水文效益。
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| 关 键 词： | 小兴安岭 森林类型 降雪 积雪 融雪径流 |
| 收稿时间： | 1900-01-01 |
Effects of major forest types of Xiaoxing’an Mountains on the process of snowfall,snow cover and snow melting. |
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| LIU Hai-liang, CAI Ti-jiu, MAN Xiu-ling, CHAI Ru-shan, LANG Yan.Effects of major forest types of Xiaoxing’an Mountains on the process of snowfall,snow cover and snow melting.[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2012,34(2):20-25. |
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| Authors: | LIU Hai-liang CAI Ti-jiu MAN Xiu-ling CHAI Ru-shan LANG Yan |
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| Institution: | College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University，Harbin，150040，P. R. China. |
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| Abstract: | Five major forest types were selected in Xiaoxing’an Mountains,northeastern China.Its snow hydrological processes,such as snowfall,snow cover and snow melting,were studied.The results showed:1) snow interception in forest land was mainly impacted by canopy density and main tree species composition.Picea sp.,Abies nephlolepis-Pinus koraiensis forest had the largest impact on the interception of snowfall,and the snow interception rate was 39.7%,which was 5 times that of Betulla platyphylla secondary forest and 2.5 times that of Larix gmelinii plantation.2)The interception amount of different forest types was related to snow intensity.And interception rate was also various in different snowfall intensities for the same forest type.3) Thickness of snow was the smallest in Picea sp.,A.nephlolepis-P.koraiensis forest and reached the peak of 32 cm in mid-March,which was reduced by 12 cm than that of B.platyphylla secondary forest and L.gmelinii plantation.4) Snow melting speed was quite different in varied forest types.From mid-April,the average thickness of snow in P.koraiensis forests reduced by about 0.5 cm per day,while it was by about 1.3 cm in B.platyphylla secondary forest and L.gmelinii plantation,and the comparatively fast snow melting speed was proned to produce the melting flood peak.Therefore,it is necessary to plant conifers and protect the broadleaved trees,and gradually transform the secondary forest into the natural forest of mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in the northeast region,which can effectively extend the snow melting time and in turn play the hydrological benefit of forest snow melting in this region. |
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| Keywords: | Xiaoxing’an Mountains forest types snowfall snow cover snow melting runoff |
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