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Influence of cover crops on potential nitrogen availability to succeeding crops in a Southern Piedmont soil |
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| Authors: | Harry H Schomberg Dinku M Endale Ademir Calegari Ricardo Peixoto Mário Miyazawa Miguel L Cabrera | ||
| Institution: | 1. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, J. Phil Campbell, Sr., Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GA, USA 2. Instituto Agron?mico do Paraná (IAPAR), Londrina, Paraná, Brazil 3. EMBRAPA Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 4. Crop and Soil Sciences Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Winter cover crops are essential in conservation tillage systems to protect soils from erosion and for improving soil productivity.
Black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) could be useful cover crops in the southeastern USA, but successful adoption requires understanding their influence on
N availability in conservation tillage systems. Black oat and oilseed radish were compared to crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) for biomass production and effects on N mineralization during the summer crop growing season from fall 1998 through summer
2002 near Watkinsville, GA. Rye produced 40 to 60% more biomass, although N contents were less than the other cover crops.
Oilseed radish and black oat N contents were similar to crimson clover. Black oat, oilseed radish, and crimson clover C/N
ratios were less than 30, whereas rye averaged 39. Amount of N mineralized in 90 days (N
min90) measured with in situ soil cores was 1.3 to 2.2 times greater following black oat, crimson clover, and oilseed radish than
following rye. No differences in N
min90 were found between black oats, crimson clover, and oilseed radish in 1999 and 2000. The amount of potentially mineralizable
N (N
0) was not different due to cover crop, but was 1.5 times greater in 2000 and 2002 than in 1999. The rate of N mineralization
(k) was 20 to 50% slower following rye than the other three cover crops. Black oat and oilseed radish biomass production and
soil N mineralization dynamics were more similar to crimson clover than to rye, which indicates that they could be used as
cover crops in the southeast without significant changes in N recommendations for most crops.
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