| 粮食安全与生态安全双视角下中国省域耕地保护补偿研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘利花,张丙昕,刘向华.粮食安全与生态安全双视角下中国省域耕地保护补偿研究[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(19):252-263. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘利花 张丙昕 刘向华 |
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| 作者单位： | 中山大学广东决策科学研究院,广州 510275;河南农业大学经济与管理学院,郑州 450046 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社科基金重大项目（18ZDA048）;广东省哲学社会科学规划一般项目（GD19CYJ25）;广州市哲学社会科学发展"十三五"规划课题（2020GZGJ01）;河南省软科学项目（192400410078）;中央高校基本科研业务费中山大学青年教师培育项目（19wkpy24）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 在生态文明背景下,耕地保护的目标应从单一的粮食安全保障转为粮食安全与生态安全双重保障。为了实现耕地保护的全面补偿,提高耕地保护效果,该研究拟从粮食安全和生态安全的角度确立耕地保护补偿标准,采用机会成本法、当量因子法、影子价格法等,确立耕地保护的支付补偿省和接受补偿省,为建立中央政府统筹安排下的耕地保护补偿政策提供参考。结果表明：1）基于粮食安全的角度,确定耕地赤字的省份有16个,广东省的耕地赤字状态最严重;耕地盈余的省份有15个,黑龙江的耕地盈余量最大。以建设用地使用权年收益为依据,确立粮食安全视角下的耕地保护补偿标准为9.9万元/hm2。2）基于生态安全的角度,确立耕地生态赤字的省份有9个,广东省的耕地生态赤字最严重;耕地生态盈余的省份有22个,广西省的耕地生态盈余量最多。以全国耕地生态系统服务净价值为依据,确立生态安全视角下的耕地保护补偿标准为8 519.9元/hm2。3）在粮食安全和生态安全双视角下,耕地保护补偿的净支付省份有15个,净支付额度为山西（90.82亿元）～广东（7 080.48亿元）。双视角下耕地保护补偿的净受偿省份有16个,净受偿额度为西藏（166.83亿元）～黑龙江（12 692.65亿元）。
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| 关 键 词： | 粮食安全 生态安全 耕地保护 补偿标准 生态系统服务价值 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/5/3 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/10/10 0:00:00 |
Compensation of provincial cultivated land protection in China from the dual perspectives of food security and ecological security |
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| Liu Lihu,Zhang Bingxin,Liu Xianghua.Compensation of provincial cultivated land protection in China from the dual perspectives of food security and ecological security[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(19):252-263. |
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| Authors: | Liu Lihu Zhang Bingxin Liu Xianghua |
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| Institution: | 1. Guangdong Academy of Decision Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;;2. Institute of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; |
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| Abstract: | The goal of cultivated land protection should be changed from single food security to double food security and ecological security under the background of ecological civilization. In this study, a compensation standard of cultivated land protection was established from the perspective of food security and ecological security in order to realize the comprehensive compensation of cultivated land protection, improving the effect of cultivated land protection. The provinces of payment compensation and the provinces of receiving compensation for cultivated land protection were established by adopting opportunity cost method, equivalent factor method, shadow price method, etc., for establishing compensation policies of cultivated land protection under the overall arrangement of the central government. A total of 16 provinces (city, autonomous region) showed cultivated land deficit by taking the supply and demand of grain in each province as the starting point to quantify the degree of satisfaction of cultivated land in each province (city, autonomous region) to its food demand from the perspective of food security. Guangdong province presented the most serious cultivated land deficit. A total of 15 provinces (city, autonomous region) showed cultivated land surplus. Heilongjiang presented the largest surplus of cultivated land. The annual income of national construction land use right was obtained according to the pure income of land transfer fee, land use right deed tax and cultivated land occupation tax. Based on this, the compensation standard for cultivated protection from the perspective of food security was established to be 99 000 Yuan per hectare. Nine provinces (city, autonomous region) showed ecological deficit of cultivated land by taking the relationship between the ecological demand and supply of cultivated land in each province (city, autonomous region) as the starting point to quantify the gap between the demand for cultivated land ecological services and the ecological services provided by cultivated land in each province. Guangdong province presented the most serious ecological deficit of cultivated land. A total of 22 provinces (city, autonomous region) showed ecological surplus of cultivated land. Guangxi province presented the largest ecological surplus of cultivated land. The positive value of national cultivated land ecosystem service was 2.96 times of its negative value. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, residual agricultural mulch, agricultural water consumption, and cultivated land greenhouse gas emissions accounted for 37.31%, 7.85%, 1.47%, 46.85%, and 6.52%, respectively, among the negative values of each part. Agricultural water consumption and chemical fertilizer application were the main sources of negative value of the national cultivated land ecosystem services. The net value of national cultivated land ecosystem services was 8 519.9 Yuan per hectare, and the total net value was 1 149.174 billion Yuan, which was equivalent to 1.4% of the total national GDP that year. The net value of national cultivated land ecosystem services was established as a compensation standard for cultivated land protection from the perspective of ecological security. Provinces (city, autonomous region) in the state of cultivated land ecological deficit from the perspective of ecological security were all in the state of cultivated land deficit from the perspective of food security. Although the six provinces (city, autonomous region) including Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing and Sichuan were in a state of cultivated land deficit from the perspective of food security, they were in a state of cultivated land ecological surplus from the perspective of ecological security. There were 15 provinces (city, autonomous region) with net paying compensation for cultivated land protection from the dual perspectives of food security and ecological security. The net payment amount was from Shanxi (9.082 billion Yuan) to Guangdong (708.048 billion Yuan). From the dual perspective, 16 provinces (city, autonomous region) had net acceptance compensation for cultivated land protection, and the net acceptance compensation amount was from Tibet (16.683 billion Yuan) to Heilongjiang (1269.265 billion Yuan). The results would help to making policies and measures to promote the compensation of cultivated land protection. |
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| Keywords: | food security ecological security cultivated land protection compensation standard service value of ecosystem |
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