| 油菜气力盘式精量排种器槽齿辅助充种性能分析与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 李兆东,杨文超,武尧尧,何顺,王韦韦,陈黎卿.油菜气力盘式精量排种器槽齿辅助充种性能分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(20):57-66. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李兆东 杨文超 武尧尧 何顺 王韦韦 陈黎卿 |
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| 作者单位： | 安徽农业大学工学院,合肥 230036;安徽省智能农机装备工程实验室,合肥 230036;安徽农业大学工学院,合肥 230036;中国农业大学工学院,北京 100083;安徽农业大学工学院,合肥 230036 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51805004）；安徽省自然科学基金资助项目（1808085QE170）；安徽省教育厅科学研究项目（KJ2018A0135） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对油菜气力盘式精量排种器高速排种过程中存在漏播严重和工作负压需求大的问题，该研究提出了一种槽齿定向扰动辅助充种种盘，采用质点动力学分析、EDEM软件、高速摄像技术和正交试验相结合的方法，对不同槽齿型式和槽齿厚度的种群流动性与辅助充种性能进行了研究。使用EDEM软件模拟分析了不同槽齿型式和槽齿厚度对种群流动性的影响，以种群平均动能和种群平均动能总和为量化指标，得出齿厚0.5～1.5 mm的直线型槽齿具有较好的辅助充种作用，有助于改善种子流动性和抑制种群拖带。选用华油杂62为试验材料，进行了槽齿型式优选试验，并以优选出的槽齿型式为对象开展了槽齿厚度、种盘转速和工作负压对充种性能影响的试验研究。结果表明：在工作负压不小于1 500 Pa条件下，作业速度小于6.0 km/h时，3种槽齿型式种盘的充种性能差异较小，当作业速度为6.0～9.5 km/h时，直线型槽齿辅助充种性能优于圆弧型槽齿和无槽齿的平面盘；三因素四水平正交试验优选出槽齿厚度为1.0 mm时充种性能最优，并明确了槽齿厚度、工作负压和作业速度对充种性能的影响规律；在槽齿厚度为1.0 mm、工作负压1 500～2 500 Pa、作业速度2.6～9.5 km/h条件下，种子吸附合格率不低于96%，漏吸率不大于4%。研究结果可为油菜气力盘式高速精量排种器结构优化设计提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 种子 试验 气力式排种器 充种性能 油菜 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/5/5 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/9/25 0:00:00 |
Performance analysis and experiments of seed filling assisted by groove-tooth of pneumatic disc precision metering device for rapeseed |
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| Li Zhaodong,Yang Wenchao,Wu Yaoyao,He Shun,Wang Weiwei,Chen Liqing.Performance analysis and experiments of seed filling assisted by groove-tooth of pneumatic disc precision metering device for rapeseed[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(20):57-66. |
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| Authors: | Li Zhaodong Yang Wenchao Wu Yaoyao He Shun Wang Weiwei Chen Liqing |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; 2. Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Hefei 230036, China;;1.School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;3. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: High precision of seed metering device is becoming essential to regulate the seeding amount of a direct seeding machine, and to enhance the quality of planting density. A pneumatic seeding technology can be highly expected, due to its low injury rate, good seed adaptability, and large adjustable range of sowing volume. In planting rapeseed, the filling problem can occur during the seeding process with a high velocity using the pneumatic precision metering device, easy to cause serious missed seeding and large working negative pressure. Therefore, an assistant filling plate with groove-tooth directional disturbance was proposed to deal with the filling problem. This study aims to investigate the effects of groove-tooth structure on filling performance in a plate-type pneumatic seed metering device with high velocity and precision for planting rapeseed. An EDEM software, high velocity camera technology and orthogonal test were combined to explore the assisted filling performance, the seed-group mobility under different types and thickness of groove-tooth. This method can be used to alleviate the serious leakage and large demanding for wind pressure power in the seeding process. The EDEM numerical simulation was performed to analyze the influence of different thickness and types of groove-tooth on seed-group mobility during planting. The average kinetic energy and its sum were selected as the quantitative indicators. The results showed that there was a better assistant filling effect in a seed churning device with a linear groove-tooth structure in the thickness from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, which helped to improve the seed mobility and inhibit the seed-group drag. In the bench test, the Huayouza 62 was selected, where its 1000-grain weight was 4.4 g, the sphericity was 91.5 %, and the water content was 7.6 %. With the help of high-velocity camera technology, the groove-tooth optimization and assistant filling performance test were carried out to explore the influence of experimental factors on assistant suction performance. According to the model parameters, the smooth plate, arc-shaped and linear seed plate with groove-tooth were produced by the optimized experiment of seed churning device, and thereby they were installed on the top surface of pneumatic precision metering devices during planting rapeseed. It is noted that the seed casing was made of transparent materials for the convenience of observation. Optimized type of groove-tooth was taken as the object, and the thickness of groove-tooth, velocity and negative pressure were taken as experiment factors, while, the leakage absorption rate and the absorption qualification rate were taken as experiment indicators. A three-factor four-level orthogonal experiment was carried out using Design-Expert software. The results showed that when the negative pressure was not less than 1 500 Pa, and the velocity was less than 6.0 km/h, the filling performance for three types of seed plates had little difference. When the velocity was 6.0 ~ 9.5 km/h, the assistant filling performance of seed plate with the linear groove-tooth was better than that with the arc groove-tooth and smooth plate. In three factors and four horizontal orthogonal experiments, the optimal was achieved for the filling performance of 1.0 mm thickness, further to clarify the influences of thickness of groove-tooth, negative pressure and velocity on suction performance. The optimal conditions of groove-tooth can be obtained: the thickness of 1.0 mm, the negative pressure of 1 500-2 500 Pa, the velocity of 2.6-9.5 km/h, the adsorption qualification rate was not less than 96 %, and leakage rate was not more than 4 %. The findings can provide a sound reference for the optimal design of pneumatic seed metering device in plate type with high velocity and high precision for planting rapeseed. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery seeds experiments pneumatic seed metering device filling performance rape |
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