| 施氮对稻茬冬小麦氮肥吸收利用及转运的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李欣欣,石祖梁,王久臣,王飞,江荣风.施氮对稻茬冬小麦氮肥吸收利用及转运的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2020,40(11):1334-1341. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李欣欣 石祖梁 王久臣 王飞 江荣风 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125;中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094;中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094;农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125 |
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| 基金项目： | 油菜产业技术体系岗位科学家项目(CARS-12) |
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| 摘 要： | 为推动稻茬冬小麦氮肥高效利用,采取15N微区试验,研究了施氮量(N0、N120、N210、N300)对稻茬小麦氮素吸收、转运、产量和氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,增加施氮量能够显著提高成熟期植株对肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收量。小麦对基肥氮的吸收以越冬至拔节期最高,对追肥氮的吸收以拔节至开花期最高。植株对追肥氮的积累量均高于基肥氮,对土壤氮的积累量在N120 处理下高于肥料氮,在N210、N300 处理下则相反;N120、N210、N300 处理下植株中土壤氮积累量占总吸氮量的比例分别为57%、48%、45%。成熟期叶片、茎鞘、穗轴+颖壳和籽粒中的氮素分配比例分别为6.09%~9.70%、9.01%~11.14%、7.19%~7.48%、71.96%~ 77.42%。肥料氮对籽粒氮素的贡献率随施氮量增加而显著增加,N120、N210、N300 处理分别为45.78%、 56.22%、61.25%。植株中肥料氮的转运量、花后积累量和土壤氮的花后积累量均随施氮量增加而显著增加,而土壤氮的转运量则随施氮量的增加而下降。基肥氮、追肥氮、肥料氮和土壤氮的转运效率分别为 77.31%~79.96%、77.89%~81.80%、77.61%~81.13%、51.55%~67.64%。植株花后氮积累量对籽粒氮素的贡献率约为1/5,肥料氮和土壤氮花后积累量对籽粒中肥料氮和土壤氮的贡献率分别为9.59%~ 14.56% 和 24.11%~34.48%。施氮量超过210 kg·hm-2 时产量增加不显著,N120、N210、N300 处理氮肥回收率分别为54.48%、48.15%、41.64%。
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| 关 键 词： | 稻茬小麦 施氮量 15N 氮肥吸收利用 氮素转运 |
Effect of Nitrogen Applicationon Nitrogen Uptake,Utilization and Translocationin Winter Wheat in Rice-Wheat Rotation |
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| LI Xinxin,SHI Zuliang,WANG Jiuchen,WANG Fei,JIANG Rongfeng.Effect of Nitrogen Applicationon Nitrogen Uptake,Utilization and Translocationin Winter Wheat in Rice-Wheat Rotation[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2020,40(11):1334-1341. |
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| Authors: | LI Xinxin SHI Zuliang WANG Jiuchen WANG Fei JIANG Rongfeng |
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| Abstract: | In order to promote nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat after rice stubble,a field 15N tracer experiment were conducted to study effects of nitrogen application:0(N0),120(N120),210(N210)and 300(N300) kg·hm-2,on nitrogen uptake,translocation,recovery and yield of winter wheat inrice-wheat rotation.The results showed that the absorption amount of fertilizers nitrogen and soil nitrogen increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The basal fertilizer nitrogen uptake of plant was highest at the overwintering and jointing stages,and the topdressing nitrogen uptake was mainly during jointing to flowering stage.Nitrogen accumulation of topdressing fertilizer under different treatments was higher than that of base fertilizer; soil nitrogen uptake was higher than fertilizer nitrogen under N120 treatment,but an opposite trend was found under N210and N300treatments.The proportion of soil nitrogen under N120,N210and N300treatments was 57%,48%,and 45%,respectively.Nitrogen distribution ratios were 6.09%-9.70%,9.01%-11.14%,7.19%-7.48%,71.96%- 77.42% for leaves,stems and sheaths,cobs+glumes and grains at maturity stage.The contribution rates of fertilizer nitrogen to grain nitrogen under N120,N210 and N300 treatments were 45.78%, 56.22% and 61.25%,respectively,which increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The amount of plant fertilizer nitrogen transfer,post-anthesis accumulation and soil nitrogen post-anthesis accumulation all increased significantly with increasing nitrogen application,while soil nitrogen transfer decreased with increasing nitrogen application.The total transfer efficiency of base nitrogen,topdressing nitrogen,fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen were 77.31%-79.96%,77.89%- 81.80%,77.61%-81.13%, and 51.55%-67.64%,respectively.The contribution rate of post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation to grain nitrogen was about 1/5.The post-anthesis accumulation amounts of fertilizer nitrogen to grain fertilizer nitrogen and soil nitrogen ranged from 9.59% to 14.56%,and from 24.11% to 34.48%,respectively.Yield did not increase significantly when the nitrogen application rate exceeded 210 kg·hm-2,and the nitrogen fertilizer recovery rates of N120,N210 and N300 were 54.48%,48.15% and 41.64%,respectively. |
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| Keywords: | Winter wheat after rice Nitrogen application rate 15N Nitrogen uptake and utilization Nitrogen translocation |
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