| 摇枝式油茶果采摘机设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 伍德林,傅立强,曹成茂,李超,徐艳平,丁达.摇枝式油茶果采摘机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2020,51(11):176-182，195. |
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| 作者姓名： | 伍德林 傅立强 曹成茂 李超 徐艳平 丁达 |
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| 作者单位： | 安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036;安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036;安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036;安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036;安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036;安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0702105) |
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| 摘 要： | 针对油茶果机械化采摘漏采率高、损伤率大的问题，设计了一款摇枝式油茶果采摘机。根据摇枝式采摘工作原理，完成了关键部件的结构设计，计算分析了采摘头夹持油茶枝的夹持力，对油茶枝和油茶果振动过程进行力学分析，建立力学方程并求解。结果表明，夹持油茶枝时最大压力为2826N，振动对树枝产生的径向力约为57.5N、法向力约为78.2N，夹持和振动都不会对枝条造成损伤。为保证采摘机安全性，对横梁架进行了静力学分析，经计算其弯曲变形为0.0005mm，远小于最大许用弯曲挠度。设计了四因素三水平正交试验，结果表明，最佳作业参数组合为：采摘装置的采摘时间10s、电机输出频率35Hz、采摘头的振幅5cm及采摘爪的夹持位置（夹持油茶枝的夹持中心到油茶树冠层距离）10~20cm，此时油茶果采净率为95.2%，花苞损伤率为17.2%。对摇枝式油茶果采摘机进行了田间试验，对枝条的损伤基本符合采摘要求。
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| 关 键 词： | 采摘机 油茶果 摇枝式 曲柄连杆滑块 正交试验 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/8/11 0:00:00 |
Design and Experiment of Shaking-branch Fruit Picking Machine for Camellia Fruit |
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| WU Delin,FU Liqiang,CAO Chengmao,LI Chao,XU Yanping,DING Da.Design and Experiment of Shaking-branch Fruit Picking Machine for Camellia Fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(11):176-182，195. |
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| Authors: | WU Delin FU Liqiang CAO Chengmao LI Chao XU Yanping DING Da |
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| Institution: | Anhui Agricultural University |
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| Abstract: | Aiming at the problem of high leakage rate and large damage rate in mechanized picking of camellia fruit, a shaking-branch picker for camellia fruit was designed. According to the working principle of shaking-branch picking, the structural design of the key component crank connecting rod slider was completed. According to the working principle of the picking machine, the pressure when the picking head clamped the camellia branch was calculated and analyzed, and the vibration process of the camellia branch and fruit was analyzed and the equation was established. The results showed that the maximum pressure during clamping camellia branch was 2826N, and the radial force generated by the vibration on the branches was about 57.5N, and the normal force was about 78.2N. Clamping and vibration would not cause damage to the branches, verifying the feasibility of the shaking branch picking method. In order to ensure the safety of the picking machine, the statics analysis of the beam frame showed that its bending deformation was 0.0005mm, which was far less than the maximum allowable bending deflection, verified the safety and feasibility of the picking machine. According to the factors affecting the shedding of camellia fruit, a four-factor three-level orthogonal experiment was designed, and the combination of operating parameters with the highest net extraction rate was obtained. The picking time of the picking device was 10s, the output frequency of the motor was 35Hz, the amplitude of the picking head was 5cm, and the clamping position of the picking claw (the distance between the blessing center of the camellia branches and the canopy of the camellia tree) was between 10cm and 20cm. At this time, the net harvest rate of camellia fruit was 95.2%, and the flower bud damage rate was 17.2%. In addition, a field experiment was carried out on the shaking-branch camellia fruit picking machine, and the damage to the branches basically met the picking requirements. |
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| Keywords: | picking machine camellia fruit shaking-branch type crank connecting rod slider orthogonal experiment |
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