| 泰安市核桃园主要病虫害发生情况及其化学防治用药流程 |
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| 引用本文： | 武海斌,付丽,姜莉莉,公义,宫庆涛,范昆.泰安市核桃园主要病虫害发生情况及其化学防治用药流程[J].植物保护学报,2020,47(5):1122-1130. |
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| 作者姓名： | 武海斌 付丽 姜莉莉 公义 宫庆涛 范昆 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东省果树研究所, 泰安 271000;山东省植物保护总站, 济南 250100 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省自然科学基金（ZR2018PC019），山东省2019年小作物联合试验（sdica-2019-02） |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确山东省泰安市核桃园主要病虫害的发生情况及其化学防治的用药流程，于2017—2018年采用田间调查法进行主要病虫害的调查，于2019年采用常规喷雾法对不同防治对象进行化学防治，研究不同用药时间及用药次数下3种农药对核桃的保果效果及对主要病虫害的防治效果，确定用药流程。结果表明，2017年泰安市核桃园主要病虫害以核桃细菌性黑斑病、核桃炭疽病和核桃举肢蛾Atrijuglans aristata为主，造成的病虫果率达83.25%。5月中旬至6月下旬，以核桃细菌性黑斑病和核桃举肢蛾单独发生为主；7月上旬至8月上旬，以核桃细菌性黑斑病和核桃炭疽病单独发生为主；8月中旬至下旬，以核桃炭疽病单独发生和核桃炭疽病+核桃细菌性黑斑病共同发生为主。2018年3种病虫害造成核桃的总体落果率为79.84%，共出现2次落果高峰，即在6月下旬以核桃举肢蛾造成的落果和在8月下旬以核桃炭疽病单独发生和核桃炭疽病+核桃细菌性黑斑病共同发生造成的落果。针对以上3种主要病虫害，在核桃生长期应至少喷药6次，其总体的保果效果和防治效果分别达到96.58%和93.70%，分别显著高于喷药4次的83.72%和70.56%，与喷药8次处理差异不显著。在实际生产中，建议对核桃细菌性黑斑病自5月上旬至8月上旬，每15~20 d用药1次，至少用药6次；对核桃炭疽病自6月下旬至8月上旬，每15~20 d用药1次，至少用药4次；对核桃举肢蛾在5月下旬和7月下旬各用药1次。
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| 关 键 词： | 核桃举肢蛾 核桃炭疽病 核桃细菌性黑斑病 发生情况 防治效果 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/11/25 0:00:00 |
The occurrence of main diseases and insect pests and the chemical control process in Tai'an walnut orchards |
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| WU Haibin,FU Li,JIANG Lili,GONG Yi,GONG Qingtao,FAN Kun.The occurrence of main diseases and insect pests and the chemical control process in Tai''an walnut orchards[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2020,47(5):1122-1130. |
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| Authors: | WU Haibin FU Li JIANG Lili GONG Yi GONG Qingtao FAN Kun |
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| Institution: | Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai''an 271000, Shandong Province, China;Shandong Plant Protection Station, Jinan 250100, Shandong Province, China |
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| Abstract: | To clarify the occurrence of main diseases and insect pests in walnut orchards and the control effect of chemical pesticides in Tai''an City, Shandong Province, the main diseases and insect pests were investigated in the field from 2017 to 2018, and the field trial was carried out by using conventional spray method to analyze the fruit-protection effect and the control effects of three chemical pesticides against main diseases and insect pests under different time points and times of pesticide application in 2019. The results showed that, in Tai''an walnut orchards, walnut bacterial black spot, walnut anthracnose and Atrijuglans aristata were the main diseases and insect pests damaging walnut fruits, and the injury rate of fruits was 83.25% in 2017. Walnut fruits were mainly damaged by walnut bacterial black spot alone and A. aristata alone from mid-May to late June, by walnut bacterial black spot alone and walnut anthracnose alone from early July to early August, and by walnut anthracnose alone and walnut bacterial black spot+walnut anthracnose from mid-August to late August. In 2018, the fruit drop rate of walnut caused by the three kinds of diseases and insect pests was 79.84%, and there were two peaks of fruit drop. A. aristata alone caused fruit drop mainly in late June, while walnut anthracnose alone and walnut bacterial black spot+walnut anthracnose caused fruit drop mainly in late August. For the three main diseases and insect pests, the walnut trees should be sprayed at least six times during the growth period, and the overall fruit-protection effect and the control effect were 96.58% and 93.70%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those when sprayed four times (83.72% and 70.56%, respectively), but were not significantly different from those when sprayed eight times. It is suggested that the walnuts should be sprayed at least six times every 15-20 days to control the walnut bacterial black spot from early May to early August, at least four times every 15-20 days to control the walnut anthracnose from late June to early August, and at least two times to control A. aristata in late May and late July. |
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| Keywords: | Atrijuglans aristata walnut anthracnose walnut bacterial black spot occurrence situation control effect |
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