| 主栽品种龙眼生物学性状及营养累积特点 |
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| 引用本文： | 姚丽贤,周昌敏,何兆桓,李国良,杨苞梅,白翠华.主栽品种龙眼生物学性状及营养累积特点[J].热带作物学报,2019,40(8):1474-1481. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姚丽贤 周昌敏 何兆桓 李国良 杨苞梅 白翠华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州 5106422. 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广东广州 510640 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(No.CARS-33-08) |
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| 摘 要： | 在华南龙眼主产区挖取16~17 a成熟期中高产石硖、储良、福眼和松风本龙眼（Dimocarpus longan Lour.）各1株,调查树体生物学性状,探讨养分元素在树体的累积和分配。结果显示,4株龙眼地上部树体生物量平均为264.3 kg（鲜重）,果实、叶片和树干分别占地上部生物量的28.4%、12.3%和59.3%。在果实成熟期,叶片、树干、根系和果皮均以Ca含量最高,果肉以K含量最高,果核N含量最高。为生产50 kg果实,龙眼地上部需吸收N 668.6 g、P 102.0 g、K 461.6 g、Ca 1310.4 g、Mg 80.7 g、S 43.3 g、Si 63.8 g、Fe 20.1 g、Mn 5.8 g、Cu 349.9 mg、Zn 1245.9 mg、B 849.5 mg和Mo 8.7 mg。Ca是龙眼最重要的营养元素。收获50 kg龙眼果实,带走养分量为N 167.8 g、P 23.1 g、K 156.4 g、Ca 57.0 g、Mg 12.6 g、S 8.4 g、Si 0.7 g、Fe 0.7 g、Mn 0.4 g、Cu 110.5 mg、Zn 155.6 mg、B 125.3 mg和Mo 1.6 mg。为维持立地土壤养分肥力及龙眼植株正常生长,果实带走养分量应为翌年施肥量的下限。对生产中因营养问题引起的龙眼叶片缺素和果实生长异常现象进行讨论后,建议今后加强龙眼Ca、Mg、Si和B营养的研究。
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| 关 键 词： | 龙眼 生物量 营养特性 叶片养分 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-10-10 |
Biological Attributes of Main Longan Cultivars and Their Nutrient Requirement Characteristics |
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| YAO Lixian,ZHOU Changmin,HE Zhaohuan,LI Guoliang,YANG Baomei,BAI Cuihua.Biological Attributes of Main Longan Cultivars and Their Nutrient Requirement Characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2019,40(8):1474-1481. |
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| Authors: | YAO Lixian ZHOU Changmin HE Zhaohuan LI Guoliang YANG Baomei BAI Cuihua |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China |
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| Abstract: | Four longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) plants of the main cultivars including Shijia, Chuliang, Fuyan and Songfengben, with the age of 16-17 a and the yield of medium to high level, were harvested from the main production areas in South China, respectively. The biological attributes of the plants were examined, and the nutrient uptake and accumulation in various parts of the plants were investigated, with the aim to supply basis data for the nutrient management in longan. The mean weight of the aboveground biomass of the four plants was 264.3 kg, with 28.4% of fruit, 12.3% of leaf and 59.3% of trunk. When the fruit matured, the content of Ca was the highest in the leaf, trunk, root and peel, and that of K and N was the highest in the pulp and seed, respectively. 668.6 g of N, 102.0 g of P, 461.6 g of K, 1310.4 g of Ca, 80.7 g of Mg, 43.3 g of S, 63.8 g of Si, 20.1 g of Fe, 5.8 g of Mn, 349.9 mg of Cu, 1245.9 mg of Zn, 849.5 mg of B and 8.7 mg of Mo were taken up in the aboveground parts to produce 50 kg fruit. It indicated that Ca was the most demanded nutrient by longan. The nutrient removal by 50 kg fruit included N 167.8 g, P 23.1 g, K 156.4 g, Ca 57.0 g, Mg 12.6 g, S 8.4 g, Si 0.7 g, Fe 0.7 g, Mn 0.4 g, Cu 110.5 mg, Zn 155.6 mg, B 125.3 mg and Mo 1.6 mg. The nutrient removal by fruit harvest should be the minimum of nutrients applied to maintain the soil fertility and plant growth for next year. Based on the observations of foliar nutrient deficiency symptoms and fruit abnormity caused by nutrient imbalance, we suggest that Ca, Mg, Si and B nutrition in longan are worthy to be furthered investigated. |
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| Keywords: | longan biomass nutritional characteristics foliar nutrient |
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