| 批次式种子清选装置设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 李永磊,万里鹏程,陈海军,冯志琴,刘伟帅,朱明,宋建农.批次式种子清选装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(23):48-58. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李永磊 万里鹏程 陈海军 冯志琴 刘伟帅 朱明 宋建农 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学工学院,北京 100083;农业农村部农产品产后处理重点实验室,北京 100125;中国农业大学工学院,北京 100083;农业农村部规划设计研究院,北京 100125;农业农村部农产品产后处理重点实验室,北京 100125 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD070120503）;国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD070030202） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对试验小区种质材料"批次式、无残留、易清机、高效率"特殊加工要求,该研究采用开放式组合框架结构、变频振动清筛技术,系统集成批次供种、风选除杂、筛选分级、筛面清理等作业工序,设计了批次式种子清选装置,并对供料系统、风选系统、筛分装置等关键部件进行了设计与分析。以玉米种子为试验对象,以给料速度、振动频率、振幅、筛面倾角为试验因素,以物料净度、获选率和作业时间为试验指标,开展了四因素三水平Box-Behnken试验,建立了响应面数学模型,并进行了参数优化和试验验证。结果表明,振幅、振动频率及二者的交互作用是影响净度和获选率的主要因素;给料速度、振幅、振动频率、筛面倾角均对作业时间有较大影响;优化参数组合为给料速度0.072 kg/s、振幅5 mm、振动频率6.25 Hz、筛面倾角4.6°,在此参数下的验证试验结果为净度98.8%、获选率为99.7%、作业时间约50 s,与模型优化预测结果基本一致。生产性能试验结果表明,处理量15 kg/批时清选装置加工能力达到10批/h,各项指标均满足设计要求。研究可为种质材料及其他颗粒物料批次式清选装备的设计提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 设计 优化 种子加工 批次作业 清选装置 种子净度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/8/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/10/13 0:00:00 |
Design and experiment of batch seed cleaning device |
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| Li Yonglei,Wan Lipengcheng,Chen Haijun,Feng Zhiqin,Liu Weishuai,Zhu Ming,Song Jiannong.Design and experiment of batch seed cleaning device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(23):48-58. |
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| Authors: | Li Yonglei Wan Lipengcheng Chen Haijun Feng Zhiqin Liu Weishuai Zhu Ming Song Jiannong |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China;;2. Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China; |
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| Abstract: | Plot breeding has become a key part for the selecting of seed and the preparation breeding program to date, providing for the evaluation data and breeder or original seeds. At present, preserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions have posed a great challenge on the seed mechanization of field experiment in rapidly increasing rural areas in China, particularly on the special agronomic and test requirement. Seed harvesting from the plot is still in manually processing with a simple assistant tool, or by commonly used machines to clean, such as screen separator and air-screen separator with the capacity about 50-100 kg/h. A special cleaning device is lacking for the plot seeds in the modern variety breeding. Technology and equipment of seed cleaning have been a focal issue to efficiently promote the production capacity or quality in a plot breeding. In the special need of seed processing, a novel cleaning treater was systematically designed in this study, thereby to improve the mechanization level of plot breeding. The seed cleaning device in batches consisted of the frame, feeding system, winnowing system, sorting unit, driving unit, and electronic control system. A combined screen with open frame and variant-frequency vibration was used in the device, further to enhance the working quality, such as batch cleaning efficiency and preventing seed mixing, as well as easy operation in screen cleaning. Other main components were also optimized in this study. Furthermore, A Box-Behnken test was conducted, where the seed purity, percentage of chosen seed, and working time were selected as test indexes, while the feeding rate, vibration frequency, amplitude, and screen inclination angle were selected as factors for design. The results showed that the amplitude, vibration frequency, and the interaction between them were significant factors, indicating a strong influence on the seed purity and percentage of chosen seed. The working time greatly depended on the feeding rate, vibration frequency, and amplitude. An optimum combination of selected factors was achieved, where the feeding rate of 0.072 kg/s, the vibration frequency of 6.25 Hz, the amplitude of 5mm, and the screen inclination angle of 4.6°, to reach an optimal design with the seed purity of 98.8%, the percentage of chosen seed of 99.7%, and the working time of 50 s. A performance test was also carried out, indicating that the experimental data was basically consistent with that in the model prediction on condition of 3 kg per batch. The data demonstrated that the processing capacity of the device can be 10 batches per hour (15 kg per batch), where all the indexes can meet the design requirements. This finding can provide a sound reference for the optimal design of batch cleaning device for the seed or other granular materials. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery design optimization seed processing batch cleaning cleaning device seed purity |
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